<div class="gmail_quote"><br><a href="http://my.firedoglake.com/robertnaiman/2011/03/18/the-un-security-council-has-not-authorized-regime-change-in-libya/" target="_blank">http://my.firedoglake.com/robertnaiman/2011/03/18/the-un-security-council-has-not-authorized-regime-change-in-libya/</a><br>

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<a href="http://my.firedoglake.com/robertnaiman/2011/03/18/the-un-security-council-has-not-authorized-regime-change-in-libya/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The UN Security Council Has Not Authorized Regime Change in Libya" style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:28px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(0, 51, 102);text-decoration:none;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">The UN Security Council Has Not Authorized Regime Change in Libya</a></h2>

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By: <a href="http://my.firedoglake.com/members/robertnaiman/" title="Robert Naiman" style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(15, 102, 145);text-decoration:none;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">Robert Naiman</a> Friday March 18, 2011 10:30 am</td>

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It’s a great thing that the Obama Administration has resisted calls for unilateral U.S. military action in Libya, and instead is working through the United Nations Security Council, as it is required to do by the United Nations Charter.</p>

<p style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:1em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">

Now, the Administration needs to follow through on this commitment to international law by ensuring that foreign military intervention remains within the four corners of what the UN Security Council has approved. If it does not, and instead Western powers take the view that we now have a blank check to do whatever we want, the certain consequence will be that it will be much more difficult to achieve Security Council action in a similar situation in the future, and those who complain that the Security Council is too cautious will have only themselves to blame.</p>

<p style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:1em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">

Some of the reporting on the Security Council resolution has been misleading. The Security Council has not authorized military action for any purpose. The Security Council has authorized <i style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">military action necessary to protect civilians</i>. It has not authorized military action to overthrow the Libyan government. Clearly, some people do want foreign military action to assist in the overthrow of the Libyan government, but such action has not been approved by the Security Council.</p>

<p style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:1em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">

The text of the UN Security Council resolution can be found <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/17/un-security-council-resolution" style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(15, 102, 145);text-decoration:none;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>

<p style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:1em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">

Here is the first action item:</p><blockquote style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:2em;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:initial;quotes:none;font-family:sans-serif;font-style:italic;color:rgb(67, 98, 129);background-repeat:no-repeat no-repeat">

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<p style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:1em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">

1. Demands the immediate establishment of a cease-fire and a complete end to violence and all attacks against, and abuses of, civilians;</p></div></blockquote><p style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:1em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">

The Libyan government has <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/19/world/africa/19libya.html" style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(15, 102, 145);text-decoration:none;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">announced a cease-fire</a>. It is certainly true, as Western leaders have noted, that announcing a cease-fire is not at all the same thing as implementing one. But before Western military forces start bombing Libya, efforts to achieve a cease-fire must be exhausted. To do otherwise would be to make a mockery of the Security Council.</p>

<p style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:1em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">

It is crucial that the goal of protecting civilians, which the Security Council has endorsed, and the goal of overthrowing the Libyan government, which it has most certainly not endorsed, be kept distinct. There is a clear effort by some actors – especially the French government – to <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/19/world/africa/19libya.html" style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(15, 102, 145);text-decoration:none;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">conflate these goals</a>:</p>

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Earlier François Baroin, a French government spokesman, told RTL radio that action would come “rapidly,” perhaps within hours, after the United Nations resolution authorized “all necessary measures” to protect civilians.</p>

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But he insisted the military action was “not an occupation of Libyan territory.” <strong style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">Rather, he said, it was intended to protect the Libyan people and “allow them to go all the way in their drive, which means bringing down the Qaddafi regime.”</strong> [my emphasis].</p>

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There is no doubt that some actors want a foreign military intervention to assist in the overthrow of the Libyan government. But there should also be no doubt that this goal has never been endorsed by the United Nations Security Council. Any foreign military action beyond what is necessary to protect civilians would be a military action that was not approved by the Security Council, and therefore, would be a military action that violates the United Nations Charter. Any foreign military action outside the framework of the UN resolution – in particular, any action that kills civilians – will be prosecutable as a war crime.</p>

<p style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:1em;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">

<i style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:initial initial">Robert Naiman is Policy Director at <a href="http://www.justforeignpolicy.org/" style="padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:initial;border-color:initial;outline-width:0px;outline-style:initial;outline-color:initial;font-size:13px;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(15, 102, 145);text-decoration:none;background-repeat:initial initial" target="_blank">Just Foreign Policy</a>.</i></p>

</div></span><br>-- <br>Robert Naiman<br>Policy Director<br>Just Foreign Policy<br><a href="http://www.justforeignpolicy.org" target="_blank">www.justforeignpolicy.org</a><br><a href="mailto:naiman@justforeignpolicy.org" target="_blank">naiman@justforeignpolicy.org</a><br>

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