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    -------- Original Message --------
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          <th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">Subject: </th>
          <td>August 1 Too Much: FDR's Debt Ceiling Battle</td>
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          <th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">Date: </th>
          <td>Mon, 1 Aug 2011 14:00:56 -0400 (EDT)</td>
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          <th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">From: </th>
          <td>Editor, Too Much <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:editor@toomuchonline.org"><editor@toomuchonline.org></a></td>
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          <th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">Reply-To:
          </th>
          <td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:editor@toomuchonline.org">editor@toomuchonline.org</a></td>
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          <th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">To: </th>
          <td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:carl@newsfromneptune.com">carl@newsfromneptune.com</a></td>
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                  alt="Too Much" border="0" height="100" width="380"></p>
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                style="font-family: Verdana, Arial,
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                padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px;">August 1, 2011</span></td>
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              Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;
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              align="left" bgcolor="#127A64" height="10">THIS WEEK</td>
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            <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff">
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Twenty-five
                million Americans looking for full-time jobs last month
                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=f%2Bu05%2FPFa4NGH5GyqE3joZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">could
                  not</a> find them. How is the American political
                system responding to this crisis? In Iowa last week, a
                governor hot on halving the state taxes corporations pay
                killed legislation that would have kept open Iowa’s 36
                unemployment offices.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The governor
                says Iowa’s 100,000 jobless <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=hlPsh7laVqs00ppYN7CGTZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">don’t
                  need</a> local offices where they can get help finding
                work and applying for unemployment benefits. He’s urging
                jobless Iowans to hit their local libraries instead and
                look for help on the Internet.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">America’s
                rich, of course, don’t have to go online to find help.
                They have legions of lawmakers intensely devoted to
                their welfare, as last week’s debt ceiling debate once
                again demonstrated. Congress and the White House now
                agree that no “solution” to the ceiling crisis will dare
                raise taxes on America’s swells.  </p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">In other
                words, the debt ceiling, one way or another, will
                eventually rise. So will inequality. Did the debt
                ceiling debate have to end this way? This week, in <em>Too
                  Much</em>, we peer back into history for help on the
                answer.</p>
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                    style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                    color: #127964;">About <em>Too Much</em></a></strong>,
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                a project of the <br>
                Institute for Policy Studies <a moz-do-not-send="true"
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                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Program on Inequality <br>
                  and the Common Good</a></p>
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                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Inequality.org</a></p>
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              letter-spacing: 1px; color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2"
              align="left" bgcolor="#127A64" height="10">GREED AT A
              GLANCE</td>
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              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><img
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                  src="http://www.toomuchonline.org/art_2011/christie.png"
                  alt="Chris Christie" align="right" border="0"
                  height="175" hspace="4" vspace="7" width="98">Fifty of
                America’s most generous political donors — a gang that
                included hedge fund billionaires Paul Tudor Jones and
                Stan Druckenmiller — “hovered around speakerphones”
                earlier this month, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=xQVKaGLfebLr%2BJJoG%2F4msJJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">reports</a>
                <em>Politico</em>, for a conference call designed to
                convince New Jersey governor Chris Christie to run for
                the 2012 GOP Presidential nod. Christie hinted he might
                run — in 2016 — and impressed the deep pockets on the
                call, one noted later, “with his emphasis on family and
                commitment.” What else might billionaires find
                attractive about Christie? The testy governor earlier
                this summer vetoed a revenue bill that would have <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=TGh%2BAFKTj%2FAkG0%2FEs7KdEZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">subjected</a>
                New Jersey's wealthiest to an additional $1,780 in state
                tax on every $100,000 over $1 million in income. New
                Jersey rural and suburban schools districts, with this
                “millionaire's tax” kaput, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=TrrJeilY%2B%2BtcHpt8yBD6MZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">are now
                  bracing</a> for nearly half a billion dollars in state
                aid cuts . . .</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The CEO of
                the world’s largest luxury retailer, the Paris-based
                LVMH, only needs one word to describe the state of
                today’s global luxury market: “remarkable.” LVMH chief
                exec Bernard Arnault <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=C32P2HbC8vzjji%2F33Ia15r3maThdmbu%2F"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">announced</a>
                last week that his luxury brand goliath — purveyor of
                everything from Dom Perignon champagne to Givenchy
                perfume — has registered a 22 percent hike in profits
                over 2011’s first half. Sales are running particularly
                strong for $17,000 Hublot watches — and LVMH is also
                reporting waiting lists for its $2,100 Louis Vuitton
                handbags . . .</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The world’s
                most over-the-top pleasure boat, the 530-foor gigayacht
                that belongs to Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich, has
                one missile defense system, two swimming pools, and
                three helipads. Now the yacht <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=2gZ57EQVNmv%2BYNIc%2BHOCjpJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">is
                  boasting</a> something really unexpected: renters.
                Abramovich is leasing his deep sea pride and joy out for
                a clean $2 million a week. The move makes sense of
                sorts. The ship costs Abramovich an estimated $50
                million a year to maintain — on top of fuel . . .</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><img
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                  src="http://www.toomuchonline.org/art_2011/mulva.png"
                  alt="Jim Mulva" align="right" border="0" height="176"
                  hspace="4" vspace="6" width="98">CEO pay has soared,
                apologists for the executive set like to argue, because
                companies have become so much larger. Many corporations
                certainly have grown in size — through “mergers and
                acquisitions” that enrich both the execs who
                wheel-and-deal them and the Wall Street banks that
                handle the paperwork. But CEO pay apologists never
                finish the story. The bloated corporate giants that
                frenzied “M & A” action creates typically, down the
                road a few years, go on to spin off hefty chunks of
                their operations in sell-offs that generate still more
                fortune for their top execs. The latest winner in this
                merge-and-purge shell game: ConocoPhillips CEO Jim
                Mulva. Oil industry powerhouses Conoco and Phillips
                Petroleum merged in 2002. The merged company is now
                planning to sell off its refinery ops. The windfall for
                Mulva, Footnoted.com <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=vRuCVs3ERsMy5Wk0wmPj4r3maThdmbu%2F"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">reported</a>
                last week, may hit $360 million . . .</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Apologists
                for grand fortune also enjoy arguing that the wealthy
                among us merit their mega millions because they take
                risks. In China, the <em>Epoch Times</em> <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=jeq0Pm48euXJCsy1mCa8bJJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">reports</a>,
                getting rich may actually entail a serious bit of risk
                taking. Of the 72 Chinese ultra rich who have died over
                the last eight years, the paper notes, 53 have died from
                “unnatural causes.” Chinese multi-millionaires, in fact,
                are passing on precipitously at nearly the same rate as
                Chinese police officers. Among the “unnatural causes”
                behind mega millionaire passings: the death penalty.
                Fourteen of China’s 53 most unfortunate holders of grand
                fortunes died after convictions for offenses that ranged
                from embezzlement to serial rape. Suicides claimed 17
                others, homicides 15, and accidents the final seven.</p>
            </td>
            <td id="tdsidetextmid" align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"
              valign="top">
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;">Quote
                of the Week</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;">“The $15,080 minimum wage workers
                have for rent, groceries, transportation, medicine, and
                everything else for the year doesn't even buy 2 pounds
                of the imported caviar featured in the Forbes Cost of
                Living Extremely Well Index.”<br>
                <strong>Holly Sklar</strong>, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=iRA0H1wm%2BaKcbmbt%2FtCt%2BpJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">CEOs to workers: More for me, less
                  for you</a>, July 25, 2011</p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;">Stat
                of the Week</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;">How adept at avoiding taxes have
                America’s top CEOs become? On paper, the corporations
                they lead must pay a 35 percent federal income tax on
                their profits, the second-highest corporate tax rate in
                the world. In real life, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=9HSyn3kaS1YhRZugsyX3SZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">notes</a> a new Greenlining Institute
                report, major U.S. corporations are now only paying 18.4
                percent of their domestic profits in tax. Of the world’s
                26 major industrial nations, only two collect less in
                corporate taxes, as a share of GDP, than the United
                States.</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:Enter%20e-mail%20address%20here?Subject=You+might+find+this+newsletter+of+interest%E2%80%A6&Body=I%20thought%20you%20might%20be%20interested%20in%20this%20email%20newsletter%20on%20inequality,%20entitled%20Too%20Much,%20that%20I%27m%20now%20receiving.%20You%20can%20sign%20up%20by%20clicking%20the%20%27Subscribe%27%20link%20at%20the%20top:%20http://toomuchonline.org/tmweekly.html"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Email this <em> Too Much</em> <br>
                  issue to a friend</a></p>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td class="sectionheader" style="font-family: Verdana,
              Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;
              font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;
              letter-spacing: 1px; color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2"
              align="left" bgcolor="#127A64" height="10">inequality by
              the numbers</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2">
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=N6Pxt4m9vExC9%2BL67PunUZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;"><img
                    moz-do-not-send="true"
src="http://www.toomuchonline.org/art_charts_2011/aug01-billionaires.png"
                    alt="Billionaires" border="0" height="352"
                    hspace="0" vspace="0" width="465"></a></p>
            </td>
            <td align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2" valign="top">
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;">Take
                Action<br>
                on Inequality</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=L1FrEKOjp3O0IsBoqiojgL3maThdmbu%2F"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Common Security Clubs/Resilience
                  Circles</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=PNDRhKnfcw%2FLEjQnZyNqkZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">The Other 98%</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=tM8Uymer4%2FY9zEgbRCzYPZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">US Uncut</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=f%2Bu05%2FPFa4NxDTAGFjEpZ5JHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">United for a <br>
                  Fair Economy</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=dK%2Br5babne4fyf0EneLIVZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Wealth for the <br>
                  Common Good</a></p>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td class="sectionheader" style="font-family: Verdana,
              Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;
              font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;
              letter-spacing: 1px; color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2"
              align="left" bgcolor="#127A64" height="10">IN FOCUS</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td bordercolor="0" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff">
              <p class="storyhead2" style="margin-bottom: 8px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; line-height: 16px;
                margin-top: 4px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; color: #000;">Doing Debt Ceiling Battle the
                FDR Way</p>
              <p class="booktitle" style="margin-bottom: 8px; font-size:
                11px; margin-top: 4px; line-height: 16px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #009966;
                background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0px;"><strong>At
                  times of national fiscal crisis, President Franklin
                  Roosevelt ever so firmly believed, you don't give the
                  awesomely affluent a free pass. You pound them — and
                  then you pound them some more.</strong></p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Against a
                Congress where zealously rich people-friendly
                conservatives hold the upper hand, how much can a
                President of the United States committed to greater
                equality realistically hope to accomplish?</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The answer
                from today’s White House: not much. Advocacy for
                equality has to take a backseat, Obama administration
                insiders insist, once fanatical friends of the fortunate
                in Congress recklessly put at risk our nation’s full
                faith and credit.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">But history
                offers another alternative. Back in 1943, halfway
                through World War II, a President of the United States
                confronted a debt ceiling crisis eerily similar to our
                own. That President, Franklin Roosevelt, faced a
                congressional opposition to inconveniencing the rich —
                with higher taxes — every bit as rabid as ours.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">FDR's
                choice, in the face of this opposition? He doubled down
                on equality.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>Roosevelt’s
                  debt ceiling battle</strong> actually began in the
                months right after Pearl Harbor. The nation needed
                dollars — and lots of them — to wage and win the new
                war. FDR wanted those dollars raised as equitably as
                possible.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">That would
                require, FDR and his New Dealers believed, a steeply
                graduated income tax, with tax rates on income in the
                top income brackets much higher than rates on income in
                the bottom brackets.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">How high
                should the top rates go? All the way, FDR proposed, to
                100 percent. At a time of “grave national danger,” the
                President told Congress in April 1942, “no American
                citizen ought to have a net income, after he has paid
                his taxes, of more than $25,000 a year,“ an income just
                shy of $350,000 in today’s dollars.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>The
                  year before</strong>, gun executive Carl Swebilius had
                pulled in $243,204 after taxes, the equivalent of over
                $3.7 million today. Steel exec Eugene Grace had grabbed
                $522,537, over $8 million today, in 1941 salary. But
                conservatives in Congress looked the other way. They
                never gave FDR’s plan any love.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Four months
                later, Roosevelt would try again. In his Labor Day
                message, FDR repeated his $25,000 “supertax” income cap
                call. Again Congress ignored him.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">FDR would
                not back down. In early October, the President flexed
                his authority under the newly enacted Emergency Price
                Control Act and issued an executive order that limited
                top corporate salaries to $25,000 after taxes, a move,
                he pronounced, needed “to correct gross inequities and
                to provide for greater equality in contributing to the
                war effort.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>America’s
                  wealthiest</strong>, New Dealers explained afterwards
                to the press, “should be willing to get along on more
                than $2,000 a month while marines endure tortures on
                Guadalcanal Island for $60 a month and room and board.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">FDR’s
                executive order would infuriate conservatives. They saw
                red, literally. The “only logical stopping place for
                this movement,” fumed Princeton economist Harley Lutz,
                would be “a completely communistic equalization of
                incomes.” FDR’s salary cap, roared New Bedford publisher
                Basil Brewer, just might “lose the war.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">In Congress,
                meanwhile, lawmakers vowed to kill FDR’s executive order
                by any legislative means necessary. Roosevelt, in
                response, simply kept pushing. In January 1943, he
                reminded Congress that “the receipt of very large net
                incomes from any source constitutes a gross inequity
                undermining national unity” and asked lawmakers to make
                taxes on America’s highest incomes “fully effective.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>Roosevelt
                  also asked Congress</strong>, in his 1943 budget
                message, to raise the nation’s debt ceiling.
                Conservatives indicated they would — if the ceiling bill
                included a rider that repealed the President’s $25,000
                salary cap executive order.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Lawmakers
                would not go along with a debt ceiling hike, California
                Republican Bertrand Gearhart told reporters, until FDR's
                “thoroughly un-American” salary cap, “fraught with such
                disaster to the Republic, is wiped from the books.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">At this
                point, no “realistic” observer could have faulted FDR if
                he simply threw in the towel. The 1942 mid-term
                elections the previous November, after all, had
                significantly strengthened the congressional
                conservative camp, in large part because millions of New
                Deal voters — soldiers overseas and workers who had
                migrated far from home for wartime factory work —
                couldn’t vote.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>But
                  FDR threw in nothing</strong>. To reporters and
                Congress, he reiterated his support for the $25,000
                salary cap. Of course, the President added, he would
                “rescind” his cap in an instant if Congress passed
                legislation that limited all individual after-tax
                income, not just salary, to $25,000.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">And if
                Congress couldn’t see fit to go that far, the President
                helpfully suggested, he hoped lawmakers would enact
                “steeply graduated rates” that brought taxes on
                top-bracket income up to the 90 percent neighborhood.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Eventually,
                both the House and Senate would pass the debt ceiling
                bill — with the salary cap repeal rider attached. Most
                Democrats went along, noting, as Senator Alben Barkley
                put it, “the importance of increasing the debt limit.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>Roosevelt
                  well understood</strong> that importance, too. He
                would let the higher debt ceiling bill become law,
                without his signature. But FDR quickly signaled no
                surrender in his continuing battle to make sure that
                “not a single war millionaire will be created in this
                country as a result of the war disaster.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Congress,
                Roosevelt pointed out, “had authorized the drafting of
                men into the armed forces at $600 a year regardless of
                what they had earned in civilian life,” but, with the
                salary cap repeal, had “refused to reduce the salary of
                a man not drafted no matter how high his income might
                be.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The
                President, to be sure, had definitely lost the debt
                ceiling battle over his executive salary cap, as he no
                doubt knew he would. But sometimes a President can win
                by “losing.” FDR did not prevail on the salary cap. He
                did prevail in his far broader struggle to shape the
                wartime finance debate.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>Roosevelt's
                  relentless</strong> campaign to cap top incomes kept
                that debate focused on taxing the rich. Conservatives
                didn’t want to do that taxing. They wanted a national
                sales tax instead, as do many conservatives <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=ZKwqvcw970i0p3qC%2BqBtc73maThdmbu%2F"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">today</a>.
                But FDR’s aggressive advocacy for equity never let that
                regressive sales tax notion get traction.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The war
                revenue debate would be fought on Roosevelt's terms —
                not on whether to tax the rich, but on how much. And, in
                the end, that “how much” would turn out to be quite a
                great deal. By the war's end, America’s wealthy would be
                paying taxes on income over $200,000 at a 94 percent
                statutory rate.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Americans
                making over $250,000 in 1944 — over $3.2 million today —
                paid 69 percent of their <em>total</em> incomes in
                federal income tax, after exploiting every tax loophole
                they could find. In 2007, by contrast, America’s 400
                highest earners <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=k2KbfuWR722iya2ieJhKi5JHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">paid
                  just 18.1 percent</a> of their total incomes, after
                loopholes, in federal tax.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>None
                  of the debt ceiling “deals”</strong> that House and
                Senate leaders advanced last week asked any of these top
                400 — or any other rich Americans — to pay a penny more
                in taxes than they do now. In the 2011 debt ceiling
                struggle, inequality has clearly triumphed.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">So what
                ought we learn, amid this triumph for greed, from FDR’s
                debt ceiling battle? Maybe this: We really can have a
                more equal America. We just need to fight for it.</p>
            </td>
            <td align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2" valign="top">
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;">New
                Wisdom<br>
                on Wealth</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;">Rachel Brown, <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=qQRIjPqmyxZ%2B9C37WvUI1pJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Charity CEOs: Are They Being Paid Too
                  Much?</a> <em>San Francisco Chronicle</em>, July 26,
                2011. Museum of Modern Art CEO Glenn Lowry took home
                $2.4 million last year — and America's rich still get
                tax breaks for the donations they give him.</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;">Mark Anderson, <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=FSKR%2BKRerOLtBYazfTl965JHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Income and taxes</a>, <em>Bangor
                  Daily News</em>, July 27, 2011. A University of Maine
                economist rips the bogus argument that taxes on “small”
                businessmen making over $250,000 undermine job creation.</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;">Bartlett Naylor, <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=6IAwoA30jax8e8B5ILCD3pJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Measuring CEO pay: more than gore</a>,
                CitizenVox, July 28, 2011. An excellent summary of the
                new <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=I6yXbSPJ6g9dYnkMqYmb6pJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">AFL-CIO report</a> that explains why
                the ratio of CEO to worker pay should matter to
                investors.</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;">Joe Nocera, <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=N%2FxW2bzhFl6WKFBvmtGBlpJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">The Madoff Trustee’s Bad Day</a>, <em>New
                  York Times</em>, July 29, 2011. JPMorgan Chase CEO
                Jamie Dixon, who made $17 million last year, is smiling
                after a federal court ruled that Wall Street's finest
                can't be sued for enabling the Bernie Madoff Ponzi scam.</p>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td class="sectionheader" style="font-family: Verdana,
              Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;
              font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase;
              letter-spacing: 1px; color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2"
              align="left" bgcolor="#127A64" height="10">In Review</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff">
              <p class="storyhead2" style="margin-bottom: 8px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; line-height: 16px;
                margin-top: 4px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; color: #000;">The Wealth Gap's Great
                Recession Surge</p>
              <p class="booktitle" style="margin-bottom: 8px; font-size:
                11px; margin-top: 4px; line-height: 16px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #009966;
                background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0px;">Rakesh
                Kochhar, Richard Fry, and Paul Taylor, <strong>Wealth
                  Gaps Rise to Record Highs Between Whites, Blacks,
                  Hispanics. </strong>Pew Research Center, July 26,
                2011.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Has the
                Great Recession been an equal opportunity destroyer? Or
                have some Americans survived the nation’s worst economic
                downturn since the 1930s significantly better than
                others?</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">A <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=NcLKDUScxGu8j9qARCglQJJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">new
                  report</a> from the Pew Research Center, based on
                extensive Census Bureau survey work in 2005 and 2009,
                resolves these questions — on two fronts.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The first:
                ethnicity. The Pew data show that the Great Recession
                has widened the wealth gap substantially between white
                and black and white and Hispanic households.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>In
                  2005, the typical</strong> white household held seven
                times more wealth than the typical Hispanic household
                and 11 times more than the typical African American
                household.  In 2009, these gaps stood around twice as
                wide, 18 times between white and Hispanic households, 20
                times between white and black.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The primary
                source of these growing wealth gaps between white and
                minority households? The collapse of the housing bubble.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Minority
                households get much more of their net worth from the
                equity they hold in their homes than white households.
                Geography exacerbates the gap: Hispanic families reside
                disproportionately in the states — California, Florida,
                Nevada, and Arizona — that have seen home values sink
                the fastest.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>But
                  the new <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=fZFEvTCuQ2W6pVl%2FSQsCb73maThdmbu%2F"
                    style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">Pew
                    report</a></strong> tells another story as well. The
                Great Recession hasn't just widened the wealth gap <em>between</em>
                ethnic groups. The recession, the Pew researchers note,
                has widened the gap <em>within</em> each ethnic group —
                grown that gap “in favor of the wealthiest within each
                racial and ethnic group.”</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The richest
                top 10 percent of white households have increased their
                share of white household wealth, from 49 to 56 percent.
                For the richest 10 percent of black, Hispanic, and Asian
                households, even heftier increases.</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">How much of
                that increasing wealth share for the top 10 percent have
                the really rich — households in the top 1 percent —
                grabbed?</p>
              <p style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,
                sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; color:
                #000; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px;">The Pew
                report can’t help us here, since Census surveys don't
                effectively track wealth at America's economic summit.
                The best data on wealth at the top come from the Federal
                Reserve’s triennial <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=e1GD8s44pNYEvGzQkEyb45JHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">Survey
                  of Consumer Finances</a>. The next of these studies,
                covering 2010, won't be out until next winter.</p>
            </td>
            <td align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2" valign="top">
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;"> </p>
              <p class="sidehead" style="margin-bottom: 6px;
                font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;
                margin-top: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial,
                Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #127964; margin-left: 4px;">Inequality
                Links</p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=Jz5W8xBgzx20p3qC%2BqBtc73maThdmbu%2F"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Inequality.org</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=OTCRMGr%2FwwdcgfCTNOUykL3maThdmbu%2F"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">The Equality Trust</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=bMnGyCMV5FUM3snP%2BF%2BscJJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Wealth for the <br>
                  Common Good</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=kBM4%2FoQzGC0LLVkDx7XSFL3maThdmbu%2F"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">New Economy <br>
                  Working Group</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=pzWG%2FmHEHV3XINB1iLLlPJJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Class Action</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=r9%2BW1ijQAiLImVmWjMFSSJJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Mind the Gap</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=60RhbE1ByuwKomX1R33tWZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Tax Justice <br>
                  Network</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=qZAgLdZo%2FtpVrgqRo4kFOZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">High Pay<br>
                  Commission</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=aG1UHNlv0evP9uVRFEaQNZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Us Against <br>
                  Greed</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=5KwtRv0miSKWQSE%2BMOnAHJJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Make Wall<br>
                  Street Pay</a></p>
              <p class="sidetext" style="margin-bottom: 6px; font-size:
                10px; margin-top: 2px; line-height: 14px; font-family:
                Verdana, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #333333;
                margin-left: 4px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=c8vw8qT28KDUJWiFm3rErpJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;
                  color: #127964;">Patriotic Millionaires<br>
                  for Fiscal Strength</a></p>
            </td>
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          <tr>
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              Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;
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              letter-spacing: 1px; color: #FFFFFF;" colspan="2"
              align="left" bgcolor="#127A64" height="10">About Too Much</td>
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href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=L9TWwafB2xn%2B6VFZcoMxhZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;"><em>Too
                    Much</em></a>, an online weekly publication of the <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=y7BoFFCYJyqOvjFeTdTpS5JHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">Institute
                  for Policy Studies</a> | 1112 16th Street NW, Suite
                600, Washington, DC 20036 | (202) 234-9382 | Editor: Sam
                Pizzigati. | E-mail: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="mailto:editor@toomuchonline.org" style="color:
                  #127964; text-decoration: none;">editor@toomuchonline.org</a>
                | <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=3k0F8WKnIFUasG%2FLtLWYpZJHs8a64WOw"
                  style="color: #127964; text-decoration: none;">Unsubscribe</a>.</p>
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href="http://org2.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?v=2&c=aYTM2il23Ztk34PLbgDruJJHs8a64WOw"
                  target="_blank" style="font-weight: bold;
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                    color="#127964">Subscribe to <em>Too Much</em></font></a></p>
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