<HTML><HEAD></HEAD>
<BODY style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fff" dir=ltr>
<DIV dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
<DIV>This might contain some ideas about what an effective Civilian Review
authority might look like if we were to actually have one in this community
(including the cities of Champaign and Urbana as well as the county)</DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt tahoma">
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5">
<DIV style="font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=kelvyn.anderson@gmail.com
href="mailto:kelvyn.anderson@gmail.com">kwa357</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> February 03, 2012 2:01 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=policeoversight@yahoogroups.com
href="mailto:policeoversight@yahoogroups.com">policeoversight@yahoogroups.com</A>
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> [police oversight] NYC Citizens Crime Commission - National
Police Oversight Models</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><SPAN
style="DISPLAY: none"> </SPAN> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~-->
<DIV style="POSITION: relative" id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1" id=ygrp-msg><!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~-->
<DIV id=ygrp-text>
<P><BR>NATIONAL POLICE OVERSIGHT MODELS <BR><BR>It is beyond dispute that the
NYPD is one of the most effective crime fighting forces in the country. Since
the early 1990's, the NYPD has led the way in innovative strategies. Despite a
fluctuating force size, the department has utilized outstanding police
deployment tactics, and confronted terrorism in an unprecedented manner. The
results have been monumental. A 76.3 % decrease in murder over 20 years; 80.5%
decrease in robbery; 56.2% decrease in rape; and in fact overall crime is down
79.9% [NYPD]. By any measure, this is an overwhelming success. The NYPD is
deservedly seen as one of the leaders in modern crime fighting--and New York
City and all New Yorkers are beneficiaries. New York today is an unimaginably
safe city. <BR><BR>While this unprecedented run of multi-year successes is
unparalleled, the last few years have also witnessed a rising concern over NYPD
practices and continued allegations of supervisory level misconduct. Allegations
of an excessive stop and frisk policy, ticket-fixing, manipulation of crime
reporting, multiple allegations of retaliation against police department
whistleblowers, allegations of an unlawful detention policy and a repeated
course of conduct demonstrating an unwillingness to comply with proper demands
for data have once again brought into focus the question of sufficient,
independent, oversight of the NYPD. <BR><BR>The NYPD is the largest police
department in the country, dwarfing its nearest rivals in Chicago, Los Angeles
and Philadelphia. Even if those forces were combined, the result would only be
29,107 officers compared to the NYPD's 34,817 officers [UCR]. Yet in each of
those cities the enabling act creating civilian oversight provides the elements
required for a vigorous independent oversight mechanism. From Chicago's
Independent Police Review Authority and Police Board, to Los Angeles' Board of
Police Commissioners and Inspector General, to Philadelphia's Police Advisory
Commission and Integrity and Accountability Office, each of these agencies has
the elements allowing them to administer an independent oversight process,
beyond the reach of the police force. Most importantly, each has either subpoena
power or the right to demand access to information relevant to its tasks. This
is a central function of any meaningful oversight mechanism. <BR><BR>The review
that follows examines the different ways the top five next largest U.S. police
departments conduct civilian oversight. Three core elements are found in each
(with the exception of Houston): transparency; independence; and compulsory
power to demand documents, data, access to personnel and other information.
<BR><BR>New York, NY <BR>Jurisdiction: New York City Police Department
[NYPD]<BR>City Population: 8,336,002 [UCR]<BR>Total Officers: 34,817
[UCR]<BR>Total Civilian Employees: 15,251 [UCR]<BR>Starting Salary: $41,975
(base pay police academy) [NYPD]<BR>Oversight Agency: <BR>1) Civilian Complaint
Review Board [CCRB] <BR>2) Commission to Combat Police Corruption
[CCPC]<BR>Authority:<BR>1) The Civilian Complaint Review Board's authority is
limited to receiving complaints and investigating allegations of misconduct
including excessive or unnecessary use of force, abuse of authority, and
discourtesy or the use of offensive language. [CCRB]<BR>Compulsory Power:
Yes.<BR>Authority:<BR>2) The Commission to Combat Police Corruption monitors and
evaluates all corruption control policies and procedures of the NYPD. CCPC also
performs audits, studies, and analyses of anti-corruption related policies and
procedures. [CCPC]<BR>Compulsory Power: No.<BR>Membership: <BR>1) The Civilian
Complaint Review Board is overseen by thirteen Board Members. The NYC Council
nominates five members (one from each borough), the Police Commissioner
nominates three members, and the Mayor selects five members and appoints the NYC
Council and Police Commissioner's nominees. The Board selects an Executive
Director who manages daily operations of the CCRB. [CCRB]. <BR>2) The Commission
to Combat Police Corruption is comprised of six members appointed by the Mayor.
[CCPC].<BR><BR>Examples of oversight models of the top 5 next largest police
departments: <BR><BR>Chicago, IL<BR>Jurisdiction: Chicago Police Department
[CPD] <BR>City Population: 2,833,649 [UCR]<BR>Total Officers: 12,515
[UCR]<BR>Total Civilian Employees: 803 [UCR]<BR>Starting Salary: Starting
Salary: $43,104 (first year) [CPD]<BR>Oversight Agency: <BR>1) Independent
Police Review Authority [IPRA] <BR>2) Police Board [CPB]<BR>Authority:<BR>1)
IPRA performs intake for all complaints of misconduct. It is responsible for
investigating allegations involving excessive use of force, police involved
shootings, deaths in custody, domestic violence, verbal bias-based abuse and
coercion. Allegations of misconduct outside of these areas are referred to the
Police Department's Internal Affairs Division for investigation. When, IPRA
finds a complaint to be valid, it will make a recommendation to the
Superintendent regarding disciplinary action against the officer. IPRA also
makes recommendations to the Superintendent, the police board, and the chairman
of the city council committee on police and fire regarding policy and operating
procedure reforms. [IPRA] <BR>2) The Police Board can adjudicate complaints in
two instances 1) after the Superintendent of Police files charges against a
member; or 2) if a suspended member of the police requests a review of his or
her suspension. [CPB]<BR>Compulsory Power: IPRA has subpoena
power.<BR>Membership: <BR>1) IPRA is headed by a civilian Chief Administrator,
who is appointed by the Mayor and subject to approval by the City Council.
<BR>2) The Police Board is made up of nine members who are private citizens
appointed by the Mayor with the advice and consent of the City
Council.<BR><BR>Los Angeles, CA<BR>Jurisdiction: Los Angeles Police Department
[LAPD]<BR>City Population: 3,841,707 [UCR]<BR>Total Officers: 9,858
[UCR]<BR>Total Civilian Employees: 2,896 [UCR]<BR>Starting Salary: $46,583
(Police Office I) [LAPD]<BR>Oversight Agency:<BR>1) Board of Police
Commissioners [LAPDBPC] <BR>2) Office of the Inspector General
[OIGLAPD]<BR>Authority:<BR>1) The Board of Police Commissioners sets policies
for the LAPD and oversees the Chief of Police who manages the department.
[LAPDBPC] <BR>2) Part of the Board of Commissioners, the Office of the Inspector
General has the authority to investigate any type of activity (without
limitations) of the LAPD, unless the Board of Police Commissioners orders to
stop the investigation. [OIGLAPD]<BR>Compulsory Power: The Office of the
Inspector General has subpoena power and unrestricted access to all LAPD
files.<BR>Membership:<BR>1) The Board of Police Commissioners consists of five
civilians appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the City Council.<BR>2) The
Inspector General is selected by the Board of Police Commissioners through a
competitive interview process and majority vote.<BR><BR>Philadelphia,
PA<BR>Jurisdiction: Philadelphia Police Department [PPD]<BR>City Population:
1,558,378 [UCR]<BR>Total Officers: 6,734 [UCR]<BR>Total Civilian Employees: 798
[UCR]<BR>Starting Salary: $42,474 (police academy) [PPD]<BR>Oversight Agency:
<BR>1) Police Advisory Commission [PAC] <BR>2) Integrity & Accountability
Office [IAO]<BR>Authority: 1)The Police Advisory Commission receives complaints
and conducts investigations into allegations involving excessive or unnecessary
use of force, abuse of authority, and verbal abuse. The commission may also
conduct studies of police department policies, procedures or practices. Findings
and recommendations made by the commission are forwarded directly to the Mayor,
the City Managing Director and the Police Commissioner for their review and
appropriate action. [PAC] <BR>2) Integrity & Accountability Office monitors
and audits policies and procedures related to corruption, misconduct, and
excessive use of force. The IAO has the authority to initiate studies and audits
and makes reform recommendations. [IAO]<BR>Compulsory Power: The Police Advisory
Commission has subpoena power. The Integrity and Accountability Office has
access to virtually all police documents and personnel.<BR>Membership:<BR>1) The
Police Advisory Commission consists of fifteen members and four alternate
members. Eight members and two alternate members are appointed directly by the
mayor and the other seven members and two alternate members are selected by the
mayor from a list of 21 nominees selected by the City Council. <BR>2) Integrity
& Accountability Office - Not available.<BR><BR>Houston, TX<BR>Jurisdiction:
Houston Police Department [HPD]<BR>City Population: 2,280,859 [UCR]<BR>Total
Officers: 5,351 [UCR]<BR>Total Civilian Employees: 1,703 [UCR]<BR>Starting
Salary: $31,965 (Police Cadet) [HPD]<BR>Oversight Agency: Citizens Review
Committee [CRC]<BR>Authority: Citizens Review Committee is part of the Houston's
Police Internal Affairs Department. The Committee reviews internal
investigations for thoroughness and accuracy, and to make sure discipline is
properly administered. CRC has authority to review cases involving excessive use
of force, officer involved shootings, incidents involving death and serious
injury, and any case the Chief of Police requests CRC to review.
[CRC]<BR>Compulsory Power: No.<BR>Membership: The Committee consists of three
panels of seven citizens selected by the Mayor.<BR><BR>Washington,
DC<BR>Jurisdiction: Metropolitan Police Department [MPDC]<BR>City Population:
601,723 [UCR]<BR>Total Officers: 3,945 [UCR]<BR>Total Civilian Employees: 532
[UCR]<BR>Starting Salary: $48,716 (Police Office for first 18 months)
[MPDC]<BR>Oversight Agency: Police Complaints Board, Office of Police Complaints
[OPC]<BR>Authority: The Police Complaints Board oversees the citizen complaint
review process and policies related to reducing misconduct,. The Board makes
recommendations to the Mayor, the Council, and the Chief of the Metropolitan
Police Department. The Board also monitors and evaluates the Department's
handling of protests and demonstrations. [PCB] <BR>The Office of Police
Complaints receives complaints and has the authority to investigate allegations
involving harassment, excessive or unnecessary use of force, verbal abuse,
discriminatory treatment, retaliation for filing a complaint with OPC, and
failure to wear or display identification or identify oneself when requested.
[OPC]<BR>Compulsory Power: Subpoena Power<BR>Membership: The Board is composed
of five members, one of whom is a member of the MPD and the other four are
unaffiliated with law enforcement. The members are appointed by the Mayor and
confirmed by the City Council. The Board selects an attorney as the Executive
Director of the Office of Police Complaints.<BR><BR></P></DIV><!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~-->
<DIV style="HEIGHT: 0px; COLOR: #fff">__._,_.___</DIV>
<DIV
style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px; COLOR: #666; CLEAR: both; PADDING-TOP: 15px"
id=ygrp-actbar>
<DIV><A style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"
href="mailto:kelvyn.anderson@gmail.com?subject=Re%3A%20NYC%20Citizens%20Crime%20Commission%20-%20National%20Police%20Oversight%20Models">Reply
to <SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 700">sender</SPAN></A> | <A
href="mailto:policeoversight@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20NYC%20Citizens%20Crime%20Commission%20-%20National%20Police%20Oversight%20Models">Reply
to <SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 700">group</SPAN></A> | <A
href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/policeoversight/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJxdnBzNDZuBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE0NDE0MzEyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTA1OTQxOARtc2dJZAM5MTAzBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTMyODI5OTI3MA--?act=reply&messageNum=9103">Reply
<SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 700">via web post</SPAN></A> | <A
style="FONT-WEIGHT: 700"
href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/policeoversight/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJmYTFocGJjBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE0NDE0MzEyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTA1OTQxOARzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNudHBjBHN0aW1lAzEzMjgyOTkyNzA-">Start
a New Topic</A> </DIV><A
href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/policeoversight/message/9103;_ylc=X3oDMTM1bXRkNm92BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE0NDE0MzEyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTA1OTQxOARtc2dJZAM5MTAzBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTMyODI5OTI3MAR0cGNJZAM5MTAz">Messages
in this topic</A> (<SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 700">1</SPAN>) </DIV><!------- Start Nav Bar ------><!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| --><!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --><!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<DIV
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 10px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e0ecee; PADDING-LEFT: 10px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: verdana; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px; FONT-SIZE: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 10px"
id=ygrp-vital><SPAN
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #333; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"
id=vithd>Recent Activity:</SPAN>
<UL
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LIST-STYLE-TYPE: none; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; PADDING-TOP: 0px">
<LI
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; DISPLAY: inline; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; FONT-WEIGHT: 700; BORDER-RIGHT: #000 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><SPAN
class=cat><A style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/policeoversight/members;_ylc=X3oDMTJnY3QwNzlzBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE0NDE0MzEyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTA1OTQxOARzZWMDdnRsBHNsawN2bWJycwRzdGltZQMxMzI4Mjk5Mjcw?o=6">New
Members</A></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff7900" class=ct>1</SPAN> </LI></UL>
<DIV style="COLOR: #1e66ae; CLEAR: both; PADDING-TOP: 2px"><A
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/policeoversight;_ylc=X3oDMTJmcDJudHVmBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE0NDE0MzEyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTA1OTQxOARzZWMDdnRsBHNsawN2Z2hwBHN0aW1lAzEzMjgyOTkyNzA-">Visit
Your Group</A> </DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: verdana; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px"
id=ygrp-grfd><!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->NACOLE (National Association
for Civilian Oversight of Police) <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --></DIV>
<DIV
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-TOP: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; CLEAR: both; FONT-SIZE: 11px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
id=ft><A style="FLOAT: left"
href="http://groups.yahoo.com/;_ylc=X3oDMTJlN28wZW1vBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE0NDE0MzEyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTA1OTQxOARzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNnZnAEc3RpbWUDMTMyODI5OTI3MA--"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="Yahoo! Groups" src="http://l.yimg.com/a/i/us/yg/logo/us.gif" width=137
height=15></A>
<DIV style="FLOAT: right; COLOR: #747575">Switch to: <A
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="mailto:policeoversight-traditional@yahoogroups.com?subject=Change Delivery Format: Traditional">Text-Only</A>,
<A style="TEXT-DECORATION: none" class=margin-rt
href="mailto:policeoversight-digest@yahoogroups.com?subject=Email Delivery: Digest">Daily
Digest</A> • <A style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="mailto:policeoversight-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe">Unsubscribe</A>
• <A style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/">Terms of Use</A></DIV></DIV><!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --></DIV><!-- ygrp-msg --><!-- Sponsor --><!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 25px; WIDTH: 160px; BACKGROUND: #fff; FLOAT: right; CLEAR: none"
id=ygrp-sponsor><!-- Start Recommendations -->
<DIV id=ygrp-reco></DIV><!-- End Recommendations --></DIV><!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
<DIV style="COLOR: #fff; CLEAR: both; FONT-SIZE: 1px">.</DIV></DIV><IMG
src="http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=97359714/grpId=14414312/grpspId=1705059418/msgId=9103/stime=1328299270/nc1=5741395/nc2=5898812/nc3=5758219"
width=1 height=1> <BR>
<DIV style="HEIGHT: 0px; COLOR: #fff">__,_._,___</DIV><!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~--><!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~-->
<STYLE type=text/css>
<!--
#ygrp-mkp {
border: 1px solid #d8d8d8;
font-family: arial;
margin: 10px 0;
padding: 0 10px;
}
#ygrp-mkp hr {
border: 1px solid #d8d8d8;
}
#ygrp-mkp #hd {
color: #628c2a;
font-size: 85%;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 122%;
margin: 10px 0;
}
#ygrp-mkp #ads {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#ygrp-mkp .ad {
padding: 0 0;
}
#ygrp-mkp .ad p {
margin: 0;
}
#ygrp-mkp .ad a {
color: #0000ff;
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc {
font-family: arial;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc #hd {
margin: 10px 0px;
font-weight: 700;
font-size: 78%;
line-height: 122%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc .ad {
margin-bottom: 10px;
padding: 0 0;
}
a {
color: #1e66ae;
}
#actions {
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 11px;
padding: 10px 0;
}
#activity {
background-color: #e0ecee;
float: left;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 10px;
padding: 10px;
}
#activity span {
font-weight: 700;
}
#activity span:first-child {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
#activity span a {
color: #5085b6;
text-decoration: none;
}
#activity span span {
color: #ff7900;
}
#activity span .underline {
text-decoration: underline;
}
.attach {
clear: both;
display: table;
font-family: arial;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 10px 0;
width: 400px;
}
.attach div a {
text-decoration: none;
}
.attach img {
border: none;
padding-right: 5px;
}
.attach label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.attach label a {
text-decoration: none;
}
blockquote {
margin: 0 0 0 4px;
}
.bold {
font-family: arial;
font-size: 13px;
font-weight: 700;
}
.bold a {
text-decoration: none;
}
dd.last p a {
font-family: verdana;
font-weight: 700;
}
dd.last p span {
margin-right: 10px;
font-family: verdana;
font-weight: 700;
}
dd.last p span.yshortcuts {
margin-right: 0;
}
div.attach-table div div a {
text-decoration: none;
}
div.attach-table {
width: 400px;
}
div.file-title a, div.file-title a:active, div.file-title a:hover, div.file-title a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
div.photo-title a, div.photo-title a:active, div.photo-title a:hover, div.photo-title a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
div#ygrp-mlmsg #ygrp-msg p a span.yshortcuts {
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 10px;
font-weight: normal;
}
.green {
color: #628c2a;
}
.msonormal {
margin: 0 0 0 0;
}
o {
font-size: 0;
}
#photos div {
float: left;
width: 72px;
}
#photos div div {
border: 1px solid #666666;
height: 62px;
overflow: hidden;
width: 62px;
}
#photos div label {
color: #666666;
font-size: 10px;
overflow: hidden;
text-align: center;
white-space: nowrap;
width: 64px;
}
#reco-category {
font-size: 77%;
}
#reco-desc {
font-size: 77%;
}
.replbq {
margin: 4px;
}
#ygrp-actbar div a:first-child {
/* border-right: 0px solid #000;*/
margin-right: 2px;
padding-right: 5px;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg {
font-size: 13px;
font-family: arial, helvetica,clean, sans-serif;
*font-size: small;
*font: x-small;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg table {
font-size: inherit;
font: 100%;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg select, input, textarea {
font: 99% arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg pre, code {
font:115% monospace;
*font-size:100%;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg * {
line-height: 1.22em;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg #logo {
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg a {
color: #1e66ae;
}
#ygrp-msg p a {
font-family: verdana;
}
#ygrp-msg p#attach-count span {
color: #1e66ae;
font-weight: 700;
}
#ygrp-reco #reco-head {
color: #ff7900;
font-weight: 700;
}
#ygrp-reco {
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding: 0px;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li a {
font-size: 130%;
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li {
font-size: 77%;
list-style-type: square;
padding: 6px 0;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0 8px;
}
#ygrp-text {
font-family: georgia;
}
#ygrp-text p {
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}
#ygrp-text tt {
font-size: 120%;
}
#ygrp-vital ul li:last-child {
border-right: none !important;
}
-->
</STYLE>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~--><!-- end group email --></DIV></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>