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    <span class="slug"><big><big><big>IN THESE TIMES<br>
            <br>
          </big></big></big></span>
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            <p class="photo-caption">Photos of the six Jesuit priests
              and their housekeeper murdered by U.S.-supported soldier
              in El Salvador's civil war—one of many examples of
              American-sponsored terrorism—at a 2009 commemoration.
              (Steve Rhodes / Flickr) </p>
          </div>
          <h5 class="article-dateline"> Web Only / Features » November
            3, 2014 </h5>
          <h1 class="article-headline">Noam Chomsky: The Long, Shameful
            History of American Terrorism</h1>
          <p class="article-deck">President Obama should call our
            country’s history of supporting insurgents abroad for what
            it is: U.S.-backed terrorism.</p>
          <span class="author">BY <a
              href="http://inthesetimes.com/community/profile/10246">Noam
              Chomsky</a></span>
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              <p class="pullquote">A recent <em>New York Times</em>
                articles lists three major examples of "covert aid," in
                Angola, Nicaragua and Cuba. In fact, each case was a
                major terrorist operation conducted by the U.S.</p>
            </div>
            <p>“It's official: The U.S. is the world's leading terrorist
              state, and proud of it.”</p>
            <p>That should have been the headline for the lead story in
              the <em>New York Times</em> on October 15, which was more
              politely titled “<a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/15/us/politics/cia-study-says-arming-rebels-seldom-works.html?_r=0">CIA
                Study of Covert Aid Fueled Skepticism About Helping
                Syrian Rebels</a>.”</p>
            <p>The article reports on a CIA review of recent U.S. covert
              operations to determine their effectiveness. The White
              House concluded that unfortunately successes were so rare
              that some rethinking of the policy was in order.</p>
            <p>The article quoted President Barack Obama as saying that
              he had asked the CIA to conduct the review to find cases
              of “financing and supplying arms to an insurgency in a
              country that actually worked out well. And they couldn't
              come up with much.” So Obama has some reluctance about
              continuing such efforts.</p>
            <p>The first paragraph of the <em>Times</em> article cites
              three major examples of “covert aid”: Angola, Nicaragua
              and Cuba. In fact, each case was a major terrorist
              operation conducted by the U.S.</p>
            <p><a
href="https://app.etapestry.com/onlineforms/InTheseTimes/OnlineDonation_Chomsky.html"><em>Get
                  a copy of Noam Chomsky's newest book</em> Masters of
                Makind <em>by donating $30 or more to</em> In These
                Times <em>today</em></a>!</p>
            <p>Angola was invaded by South Africa, which, according to
              Washington, was defending itself from one of the world's
              “more notorious terrorist groups”—Nelson Mandela's African
              National Congress. That was 1988.</p>
            <p>By then the Reagan administration was virtually alone in
              its support for the apartheid regime, even violating
              congressional sanctions to increase trade with its South
              African ally.</p>
            <p>Meanwhile, Washington joined South Africa in providing
              crucial support for Jonas Savimbi's terrorist Unita army
              in Angola. Washington continued to do so even after
              Savimbi had been roundly defeated in a carefully monitored
              free election, and South Africa had withdrawn its support.
              Savimbi was a “monster whose lust for power had brought
              appalling misery to his people,” in the words of Marrack
              Goulding, British ambassador to Angola.</p>
            <p>The consequences were horrendous. A 1989 U.N. inquiry
              estimated that South African depredations led to 1.5
              million deaths in neighboring countries, let alone what
              was happening within South Africa itself. Cuban forces
              finally beat back the South African aggressors and
              compelled them to withdraw from illegally occupied
              Namibia. The U.S. alone continued to support the monster
              Savimbi.</p>
            <p>In Cuba, after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961,
              President John F. Kennedy launched a murderous and
              destructive campaign to bring “the terrors of the earth”
              to Cuba—the words of Kennedy's close associate, the
              historian Arthur Schlesinger, in his semiofficial
              biography of Robert Kennedy, who was assigned
              responsibility for the terrorist war.</p>
            <p>The atrocities against Cuba were severe. The plans were
              for the terrorism to culminate in an uprising in October
              1962, which would lead to a U.S. invasion. By now,
              scholarship recognizes that this was one reason why
              Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev placed missiles in Cuba,
              initiating a crisis that came perilously close to nuclear
              war. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara later conceded
              that if he had been a Cuban leader, he “might have
              expected a U.S. invasion.”</p>
            <p>American terrorist attacks against Cuba continued for
              more than 30 years. The cost to Cubans was of course
              harsh. The accounts of the victims, hardly ever heard in
              the U.S., were reported in detail for the first time in a
              study by Canadian scholar Keith Bolender, <em><a
                  href="http://www.powells.com/partner/36495/biblio/9780745330419?p_tx"
                  rel="powells-9780745330419" title="More info about
                  this book at powells.com">Voices From the Other Side:
                  An Oral History of Terrorism Against Cuba</a></em>, in
              2010.</p>
            <p>The toll of the long terrorist war was amplified by a
              crushing embargo, which continues even today in defiance
              of the world. On Oct. 28, the U.N., for the 23rd time,
              endorsed “the necessity of ending the economic,
              commercial, financial blockade imposed by the United
              States against Cuba.” The vote was 188 to 2 (U.S.,
              Israel), with three U.S. Pacific Island dependencies
              abstaining.</p>
            <p>There is by now some opposition to the embargo in high
              places in the U.S., reports ABC News, because “it is no
              longer useful” (citing Hillary Clinton's new book <em><a
href="http://www.powells.com/partner/36495/biblio/9781476751443?p_tx"
                  rel="powells-9781476751443" title="More info about
                  this book at powells.com">Hard Choices</a></em>).
              French scholar Salim Lamrani reviews the bitter costs to
              Cubans in his 2013 book <em><a
                  href="http://www.powells.com/partner/36495/biblio/9781583673409?p_tx"
                  rel="powells-9781583673409" title="More info about
                  this book at powells.com">The Economic War Against
                  Cuba</a></em>.</p>
            <p>Nicaragua need hardly be mentioned. President Ronald
              Reagan's terrorist war was condemned by the World Court,
              which ordered the U.S. to terminate its “unlawful use of
              force” and to pay substantial reparations.</p>
            <p>Washington responded by escalating the war and vetoing a
              1986 U.N. Security Council resolution calling on all
              states—meaning the U.S.—to observe international law.</p>
            <p>Another example of terrorism will be commemorated
              on November 16, the 25th anniversary of the assassination
              of six Jesuit priests in San Salvador by a terrorist unit
              of the Salvadoran army, armed and trained by the U.S. On
              the orders of the military high command, the soldiers
              broke into the Jesuit university to murder the priests and
              any witnesses—including their housekeeper and her
              daughter.</p>
            <p>This event culminated the U.S. terrorist wars in Central
              America in the 1980s, though the effects are still on the
              front pages today in the reports of “illegal immigrants,”
              fleeing in no small measure from the consequences of that
              carnage, and being deported from the U.S. to survive, if
              they can, in the ruins of their home countries.</p>
            <p>Washington has also emerged as the world champion in
              generating terror. Former CIA analyst Paul Pillar warns of
              the “resentment-generating impact of the U.S. strikes” in
              Syria, which may further induce the jihadi organizations
              Jabhat al-Nusra and the Islamic State toward “repairing
              their breach from last year and campaigning in tandem
              against the U.S. intervention by portraying it as a war
              against Islam.”</p>
            <p>That is by now a familiar consequence of U.S. operations
              that have helped to spread jihadism from a corner of
              Afghanistan to a large part of the world.</p>
            <p>Jihadism's most fearsome current manifestation is the
              Islamic State, or ISIS, which has established its
              murderous caliphate in large areas of Iraq and Syria.</p>
            <p>“I think the United States is one of the key creators of
              this organization,” reports former CIA analyst Graham
              Fuller, a prominent commentator on the region. “The United
              States did not plan the formation of ISIS,” he adds, “but
              its destructive interventions in the Middle East and the
              War in Iraq were the basic causes of the birth of ISIS.”</p>
            <p>To this we may add the world's greatest terrorist
              campaign: Obama's global project of assassination of
              “terrorists.” The “resentment-generating impact” of those
              drone and special-forces strikes should be too well known
              to require further comment.</p>
            <p>This is a record to be contemplated with some awe.</p>
          </div>
          <div class="moreby"> <a
              href="http://inthesetimes.com/community/profile/10246/"><img
                src="cid:part11.06000909.07050208@comcast.net" alt=""
                height="75" width="75">
              <h2 class="sechead-article-author">Noam Chomsky</h2>
            </a>
            <p><b>Noam Chomsky</b> is Institute Professor &
              Professor of Linguistics (Emeritus) at the Massachusetts
              Institute of Technology, and the author of dozens of books
              on U.S. foreign policy. He writes a monthly column for <i>The
                New York Times</i> News Service/Syndicate.</p>
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