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<td>Re: [ufpj-activist] *****[Juan Cole] Whom Does Jerusalem
Belong To?</td>
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<th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">Date: </th>
<td>Wed, 20 May 2015 22:34:36 -0400</td>
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<th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">From: </th>
<td>David McReynolds <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:davidmcreynolds7@gmail.com"><davidmcreynolds7@gmail.com></a></td>
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<th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">To: </th>
<td>viviane Lerner <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:vlerner2011@gmail.com"><vlerner2011@gmail.com></a>,
ufpj-activist <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:ufpj-activist@lists.mayfirst.org"><ufpj-activist@lists.mayfirst.org></a></td>
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<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, May 19, 2015 at 4:14 PM,
viviane Lerner <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:vlerner2011@gmail.com" target="_blank">vlerner2011@gmail.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.truthdig.com_report_item_who-5Fdoes-5Fjerusalem-5Fbelong-5Fto-5F20150518&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=EqNg-N345FukW_nJJCjO0CpNsaSmYhpgZs4F1dcfhi4&e="
target="_blank">http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/who_does_jerusalem_belong_to_20150518</a>
<div>
<h2>Whom Does Jerusalem Belong To? </h2>
<h6>Posted on May 18, 2015</h6>
<div>
<p>By <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.truthdig.com_juan-5Fcole_&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=tx-3mYX9pKqA-FN9ygJmr1BhaoPv4vL6EOM49aJAXWA&e="
target="_blank">Juan Cole</a></p>
<div>
<div>
<p>
<img moz-do-not-send="true"
src="http://www.truthdig.com/images/eartothegrounduploads/jeru_590.jpg"
alt="" border="0" height="393" width="590"><span
style="font-size:12px">Shutterstock</span></p>
</div>
<p><i>This post originally ran on <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.juancole.com_2015_05_does-2Djerusalem-2Dbelong.html&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=aoxawpepb7Ts6dcy6PYR2zaWcp65rTUEhxABDXGTGBo&e="
title="Juan Coleââ¬â¢s Web page"
target="_blank">Juan Coleâs website</a>.</i></p>
<p>Far right Israeli Prime Minister <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.latimes.com_world_middleeast_la-2Dfg-2Djerusalem-2Dday-2D20150518-2Dstory.html&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=aNANcK83rsYzmOhl773X6ADYvesXyBbQmfFV6hN9asE&e="
target="_blank"> Binyamin Netanyahu commemorated
Israel's "Jerusalem Day" with a speech</a>
in which he said, "Jerusalem was always the
capital of the Jewish people only, and no other,"
and warned that Muslim terrorism menaced it.</p>
<p><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.juancole.com_2010_03_top-2Dten-2Dreasons-2Deast-2Djerusalem-2Ddoes-2Dnot.html&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=6GyMjA6BfBk0N7FwLq5IhloJT60FQnMPb6y-UdD7TAI&e="
target="_blank"> Jerusalem, Daru Shalem, was
founded sometime between 6500 and 5500 years ago</a>,
by the proto-Canaanite people long before Judaism
existed. It was dedicated to the god of dusk,
Shalem.</p>
<p>The first mention of it was after 2000 BC, again,
before Judaism existed, in an Egyptian text.</p>
<div>
<p><img moz-do-not-send="true"
style="display:block;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:0px"
height="0" width="0"></p>
</div>
<p>So I think we may conclude that the City of
Shalem the god of dusk was probably the capital of
a lot of peoples long before there was any
religion called Judaism.</p>
<p>Roughly 1500-1200 BC, Jerusalem was ruled from
Memphis in Egypt by the pharaohs, but the
Canaanites remained their proxies.</p>
<p>Petty Canaanite kings continued to dominate the
region after Egyptian control lapsed. Some of
them over time gradually adopted practices later
associated with Judaism, but many other streams of
Canaanite belief remained. Probably there were
petty tribal chieftains named David and Solomon
after 1000 BC, but Jerusalem appears not to have
been populated 1000 to 900 BC. and so they didn't
have a palace there.</p>
<p>Whatever the character of the various Canaanite
tribal confederations in Palestine, including the
proto-Israeli, in 900-770 BC, in the latter year
the region fell to the Assyrians.</p>
<p>In 597 BC the Babylonians conquered Palestine and
later transported at least some of its population
to Babylon. Likely it was there that the Jewish
religion became fully elaborated.</p>
<p>In 539 BC, Babylon falls to the Iranian
Achaemenid Empire, which emancipates the Jews.
The Achaemenids rule most of the civilized world,
from Egypt to what is now Pakistan. Palestine is
ruled by Iran for nearly 200 years, until 330,
when Alexander defeats the Achaemenids.</p>
<p>The Greek Ptolemaic dynasty held sway over
Palestine until 198 BC, when the Seleucids
conquered it.</p>
<p>In 168 the Maccabean Revolt established a small
Jewish state in the area. Aside from the Israeli
clans of the pre-Assyrian period, this was the
only premodern Jewish state to have Jerusalem as a
capital. Even so, they were vassals from 40 BC to
the Iranian Parthian empire. Herod became a
vassal of the Romans in Palestine in 6 of the
Common Era (AD).</p>
<p>Jerusalem was Roman/ Byzantine until 614 CE, when
the Iranian Sasanid Empire again conquered it.</p>
<p>In 629 the Byzantines took it back.</p>
<p>The Muslims conquered Jerusalem in 638 and ruled
it until 1099, when the Crusaders conquered it it.
The Crusaders killed or expelled Jews and Muslims
from the city.</p>
<p>The Muslims under Saladin took it back in 1187 CE
and allowed Jews to return.</p>
<p>So I think probably Jerusalem was the capital of,
like, the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. for
several decades.</p>
<p>Muslims then ruled it until the end of World War
I, or altogether over a millennium.</p>
<p>So Iran ruled Jerusalem altogether for some 250
years, and the Crusaders for about 200 years, and
it was the capital of lots of peoples, including
Canaanite kingdoms and the Latin Kingdom of
Jerusalem. It was also often a provincial capital
under Muslim empires.</p>
<p>In the Sykes-Picot agreement between France and
Britain during WW I, which shaped the Middle East,
Jerusalem was awarded to Russia.</p>
<p>Lenin was outraged when he found the agreement in
the Romanov palace after the 1917 October
Revolution, and he had it published. He withdrew
Russia from the war and forewent the prize of
Jerusalem.</p>
<p>The city was awarded the British by the
Versailles Peace Conference, as part of the
British Mandate of Palestine.</p>
<p>In the 1947 UN General Assembly partition plan
for Palestine, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nad-2Dplo.org_userfiles_file_FAQ_Israeli-2520Policies-2520in-2520EJ-2520-5FFINAL-5F.pdf&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=f0-JEWjwfAaFxhIjmS76Fc9yMRKP62C6n0AXTC7YCqQ&e="
target="_blank"> Jerusalem was designated a
"Separate Body"</a> to be administered
internationally. <strong> It was not awarded to
Israel by the UN</strong>. Although
propagandists for Israel are always going on about
how they accepted the UN partition plan, they did
not, of course. They conquered a lot of territory
that the GA did not award them, including West
Jerusalem.</p>
<p>It was Jewish settlers in British Mandate
Palestine who used violence to grab part of the
city, disregarding international law and
agreements. The city was mostly populated by
Palestinians in any case, what with being a
Palestinian city and all.</p>
<p>In 1967 the Israeli army took East Jerusalem, and
ever since has squeezed the Palestinian
population, driven them into poverty, usurped
their property, and surrounded them by squatter
settlements. There is no warrant in any part of
any international agreement or law for the
Israelis to behave this way toward the people who
inhabited Jerusalem for over a millennium (and who
are in any case almost certainly descendents of
Palestinian Jews who converted to Islam).
Violence is still a big part of the way Israel
rules East Jerusalem, so Netanyahu warning of
Muslim violence is rich.</p>
<p>Muslims consider Jerusalem the third holiest city
of Islam. Despite Westerners constantly telling
them they have no right to do that, they seem
pretty attached to the doctrine. There are 1.5
billion of them, and their nerves are raw after
centuries of Western colonialism during which they
were told their religion was useless and backward.
The occupation of Jerusalem was given by al-Qaeda
as one reason for its attacks on New York and
Washington, D.C. The insistence of Jewish
extremists on angering the Muslim world by
invading the Aqsa mosque from time to time, and
threatening to demolish it, is like those old
Warner Bros. cartoons where the foolish little boy
keeps teasing a tiger in its cage.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Related video:</p>
<p><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__youtu.be_LZhuOkQBAfw&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=OQH1UIVXWunNA0IF4YC6SUQq7YQoDjnQlLGH7sB5fyc&e="
target="_blank"> RT: "RT crew attacked by
Israeli police during Jerusalem day march"</a></p>
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