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Francis Boyle pointed out the US State Dept. travel warning that's
the basis for his comments to Sputnik. Here's a link (dated
10/18/17) *and* the text that's there at the moment - in case a
future version of the travel warning omits the parts Boyle refers
to:<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/alertswarnings/syria-travel-warning.html">https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/alertswarnings/syria-travel-warning.html</a><br>
<br>
It's been assumed (publicly by our gov't and in our press) that when
chemical weapons were used in Syria, it must have been the Syrian
government which used them. This travel advisory implies that our
own State Dept doesn't believe that's necessarily so. See this bit:<br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Tactics of ISIS, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, and
other violent extremist groups include the use of suicide bombers,
kidnapping, small and heavy arms, improvised explosive devices,
and chemical weapons.</blockquote>
<br>
<br>
<div id="ta_tw_header_section" class="warning">
<h1>Syria Travel Warning</h1>
<span class="updated_date">
<div class="datecomp">
Last Updated: October 18, 2017 </div>
</span> </div>
<div class="content_par parsys">
<div class="introparagraph section">
<p><b class="callout_text">The Department of State continues to
warn U.S. citizens against all travel to Syria and strongly
recommends that U.S. citizens remaining in Syria depart
immediately. The security situation remains dangerous and
unpredictable. </b>Violent conflict between government and
armed anti-government groups continues throughout the country.
There is a serious risk for kidnappings, bombings, murder, and
terrorism. This replaces the Travel Warning dated March 22,
2017.
</p>
</div>
<div class="headerandtext section">
<p>No part of Syria is safe from violence. Small arms fire,
improvised explosives, artillery shelling, airstrikes,
kidnappings, arbitrary arrests, and the use of chemical
weapons transpire with little or no warning, significantly
raising the risk of death or serious injury. While there have
been internationally supported efforts to de-escalate the
conflict, violence still persists in many parts of the
country. The Syrian government has demonstrated reluctance to
comply with ceasefire agreements in East Ghouta, Homs, and
Idlib. In addition, Russian and/or Syrian forces continue to
conduct airstrikes in Idlib province, which have recently
resulted in dozens of civilian casualties and the death of
medical personnel. Moreover, the Syrian government and its
partners continue to prohibit the free flow of humanitarian
aid into besieged areas, resulting in severe food shortages.</p>
<p>Terrorist and other violent extremist groups including ISIS
and al-Qa’ida-linked Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (dominated by
al-Qa’ida affiliate Jabhat al-Nusrah, a designated Foreign
Terrorist Organization), operate in Syria. In July 2017, Hayat
Tahrir al-Sham consolidated power in Idlib province after it
clashed with other armed actors. Hayat Tahrir al-Sham control
over Idlib threatens the ability of NGOs and states to deliver
humanitarian aid to Syrians residing in Idlib. Moreover,
Russia and/or the Syrian government initiated airstrikes in
Idlib in September, which resulted in significant damage to
medical facilities and dozens of civilian casualties. Tactics
of ISIS, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, and other violent extremist
groups include the use of suicide bombers, kidnapping, small
and heavy arms, improvised explosive devices, and chemical
weapons. They have targeted major city centers, road
checkpoints, border crossings, government buildings, shopping
areas, and open spaces, in Damascus, Aleppo, Hamah, Dara,
Homs, Idlib, and Dayr al-Zawr provinces. These groups have
murdered and kidnapped U.S. citizens, both for ransom and
political purposes; in some instances U.S. citizens have
disappeared within Syria. Because of the security situation in
Syria, the U.S. government’s ability to help U.S. citizens
kidnapped or taken hostage is very limited.</p>
<p>The U.S. government particularly warns private U.S. citizens
against traveling to Syria to engage in armed conflict. U.S.
citizens who undertake such activity face extreme personal
risks, including kidnapping, injury, or death. The U.S.
government does not support this activity, and our ability to
provide consular assistance to individuals who are injured or
kidnapped, or to the families of individuals who die in the
conflict, is extremely limited. Individuals who demonstrate an
interest in groups opposing ISIS, including on social media,
could open themselves to being targeted by ISIS itself,
especially if those individuals travel to Syria.</p>
<p>Fighting on behalf of or providing other forms of support to
designated terrorist organizations, including ISIS and Jabhat
al-Nusrah (also known as Jabhat Fatah al-Sham), can constitute
the provision of material support for terrorism, which is a
crime under U.S. law that can result in penalties including
prison time and large fines.</p>
<p>The destruction of infrastructure, housing, medical
facilities, schools, and power and water utilities has also
increased hardships inside the country. Communications in
Syria are difficult as phone and internet connections are
unreliable. U.S. citizens have reported facing dangers
traveling within the country and when trying to leave Syria
via land borders, given the diminishing availability of
commercial air travel out of Syria. Opposition-held land
border checkpoints should not be considered safe, as they are
targeted by regime attacks and some armed groups have sought
funding through kidnappings for ransom. Border areas are
frequent targets of shelling and other attacks and are crowded
because of internally-displaced refugees. Errant attacks will
occasionally hit border towns just outside the borders as
well. Road checkpoints controlled by armed terrorist and
violent extremist groups have been utilized to conduct
kidnappings, including of U.S. citizens.</p>
<p>The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) prohibits U.S.
civil aviation from flying in the Damascus Flight Information
Region (FIR) because of the ongoing armed conflict and
volatile security environment. This FIR includes all the
airspace over Syria and extends into adjacent international
airspace. In addition, U.S. government personnel in Lebanon
are prohibited from taking flights that pass through the
Damascus FIR. A number of armed extremist groups are known to
be equipped with a variety of antiaircraft weapons that have
the capability to threaten civil aircraft. For additional
background information regarding FAA flight prohibitions and
advisories for U.S. civil aviation, U.S. citizens should
consult <a
href="http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/us_restrictions/"
class="ext_link">the Federal Aviation Administration’s
Prohibitions, Restrictions and Notices</a>.</p>
<p>The U.S. Embassy in Damascus suspended its operations in
February 2012 and cannot provide protection or routine
consular services to U.S. citizens in Syria. The Government of
the Czech Republic, acting through its Embassy in Damascus,
serves as the Protecting Power for U.S. interests in Syria.
The range of consular services the Czech Republic provides to
U.S. citizens is extremely limited, and those services,
including U.S. passports and Consular Reports of Birth Abroad,
may require significantly more processing time than at U.S.
embassies or consulates outside Syria. U.S. citizens in Syria
who seek consular services should try to quickly and safely
leave the country and contact a U.S. embassy or consulate in a
neighboring country, if at all possible. U.S. citizens who
are unable to safely leave Syria and require consular services
may contact the U.S. Interests Section of the Embassy of the
Czech Republic in Damascus at <a
href="mailto:USIS_damascus@embassy.mzv.cz">USIS_damascus@embassy.mzv.cz</a>.<br>
<br>
U.S. citizens in Syria who are in need of emergency assistance
and are unable to reach the U.S. Interests Section of the
Embassy of the Czech Republic, or must make contact outside
business hours, should contact the <a
href="https://jo.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/emergency-contact/">U.S.
Embassy in Amman, Jordan</a>:<br>
</p>
<p>Telephone: +962 (6) 590-6950 (Daily 2-3:30 local time)<br>
Emergencies: +962 (6) 590-6500<br>
E-mail: <a href="mailto:Amman-ACS@state.gov">Amman-ACS@state.gov</a></p>
<p>For additional information about U.S. citizens' services in
Syria from the Office of Overseas Citizens' Services in
Washington, e-mail: <a
href="mailto:SyriaEmergencyUSC@state.gov">SyriaEmergencyUSC@state.gov</a>.<br>
<br>
For information on "What the Department of State Can and Can't
Do in a Crisis," please visit the Bureau of Consular Affairs'
<a
href="http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/emergencies/crisis-support.html">Emergencies
and Crisis link</a> at <a
href="http://www.travel.state.gov/">Travel.State.Gov</a>.
Up-to-date information on security can also be obtained by
calling 1-888-407-4747 toll-free in the United States and
Canada or, for callers outside the United States and Canada,
on a regular toll line at 1-202-501-4444. These numbers are
available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time,
Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).<br>
<br>
For additional information:</p>
<ul>
<li>See the <a href="http://travel.state.gov/">State
Department's travel website</a> for the <a
href="http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/alertswarnings/worldwide-caution.html">Worldwide
Caution</a>, <a
href="http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/alertswarnings.html">Travel
Warnings, Travel Alerts,</a> and <a
href="http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/country/syria.html">Syria
Country Specific Information</a>.</li>
<li>Enroll in the <a href="https://step.state.gov/step/">Smart
Traveler Enrollment Program</a> (<a
href="https://step.state.gov/step/">STEP</a>) to receive
security messages and make it easier to locate you in an
emergency. </li>
<li>Call 1-888-407-4747 toll-free in the United States and
Canada or 1-202-501-4444 from other countries from 8:00 a.m.
to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday
(except U.S. federal holidays).</li>
<li>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/travelgov"
class="ext_link">Twitter</a> and <a
href="http://www.facebook.com/travelgov" class="ext_link">Facebook</a>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="info embassyinfo parbase">
<div class="expandos">
<dl class="data_show_hide">
<dt id="more_embassies">
<div class="open_close_hook open"> <span
class="open_close_icon"></span> <span>Embassies &
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</dt>
</dl>
</div>
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<h3>Embassy of the Czech Republic</h3>
<p class="note">The Government of the Czech Republic
serves as the protecting power for U.S. interests
in Syria. U.S. citizens in Syria who seek consular
services should contact the U.S. Interests Section
of the Embassy of the Czech Republic in Damascus
at <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:USIS_damascus@embassy.mzv.cz">USIS_damascus@embassy.mzv.cz</a>. U.S. citizens in
Syria who are in need of emergency assistance in
Syria and are unable to reach the U.S. Interests
Section of the Embassy of the Czech Republic or
must make contact outside business hours, should
contact the U.S. Embassy in Amman, Jordan:</p>
<ul class="contact_list">
<li class="icon_phone">Emergency After-Hours
Telephone <span>+(962) (6) 590-6500</span></li>
<li class="icon_email">Email <span><a
href="mailto:AmmanACS@state.gov">AmmanACS@state.gov</a></span></li>
<li class="icon_globe"><a
href="http://jordan.usembassy.gov/">Embassy of
Jordan</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a class="more embassies"
href="https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/alertswarnings/syria-travel-warning.html#more_embassies">View
more locations</a></p>
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data-action="CSI_Warning_Map: Syria"
href="https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.181412429,31.8199888,44.089166782,37.551485788"
title="Map of Syria" target="_blank">View Larger Map </a> </div>
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tabindex="1"
name="content_autocomplete_MainCSIs_input"
id="content_autocomplete_MainCSIs_input"
class="autocomplete_input input_helper_text
ui-autocomplete-input" title="Enter a Country
or Area" autocomplete="off" type="text"><span
role="status"
class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible"></span> <span
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<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 10/20/2017 10:09 PM, Karen Aram via
Peace wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:SN1PR08MB167749C06B38C1BDE2670E2CA3400@SN1PR08MB1677.namprd08.prod.outlook.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=windows-1252">
<div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:
0px;">
<br class="">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">
<o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 16pt;
font-family: 'Arial Black', sans-serif; font-weight:
bold;" class="">
Shared from<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="http://sputniknews.com/" style="color: rgb(149,
79, 114); text-decoration: underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">sputniknews.com</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 16pt;
font-family: 'Arial Black', sans-serif; font-weight:
bold;" class="">
<o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 16pt;
font-family: 'Arial Black', sans-serif; font-weight:
bold;" class="">
US Admitting Syrian Militants Use Chemical Weapons
‘Welcome’ Overdue Corrective<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 16pt;
font-family: 'Arial Black', sans-serif; font-weight:
bold;" class="">
<a
href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsputniknews.com%2Fanalysis%2F201710211058422305-usa-terrorists-use-chemicals-syria%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ckarenaram%40hotmail.com%7Cfa271db85a454e13baad08d5182dc2d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636441507170392832&sdata=MxYO3V0U0bf9cp%2BPJjNaZ%2FTc6FfMf7ToubQg5MSkIhg%3D&reserved=0"
originalsrc="https://sputniknews.com/analysis/201710211058422305-usa-terrorists-use-chemicals-syria/"
shash="Lt8UcgdDmPBQH6qdqaRRGDKvmVJPR9eYu4FmC59OvSz8mp5+UM/pxiPWp2Z016BCVtJwxd/3Mbuf2yH9NHKSN+ysJCIEoBDACiEmPBfLwSagwE/vMb4VlxT64ZBPkeNOaPvB3fX7HVKfQowr+FYDlIdEjlBK5xU1gqmDR4lhrYk="
style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration:
underline;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://sputniknews.com/analysis/201710211058422305-usa-terrorists-use-chemicals-syria/</a><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<b class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"
class="" lang="EN">US KNEW ALL ALONG</span></b><span
style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="" lang="EN"><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">The US government was finally started
to acknowledge that groups it had supported had employed
chemical weapons in Syria where the Trump and Obama
administrations had sought to blame the Damascus
government for such attacks, University of Illinois
Professor of Law Francis Boyle told Sputnik.<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">These policies were part of a wider US
strategy to topple the Damascus government that was
clearly illegal under international law, Boyle pointed
out.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">The United States had backed the Syrian terror
groups "as part of an illegal attempt to overthrow the
Syrian government in violation of the United Nations
Charter and the rulings of the World Court in the Case
of Nicaragua versus United States of America
(1984-1986)," he said.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">US policymakers could have had no doubt that
the terror groups they were financing, helping
to organize and arming had been s using chemical
weapons, Boyle observed.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">"Of course the United States<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsputniknews.com%2Fpolitics%2F20170718%2F1055632225.html&data=02%7C01%7Ckarenaram%40hotmail.com%7Cfa271db85a454e13baad08d5182dc2d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636441507170392832&sdata=GZ9YKEHWEONLflKh8pBiNoC3mYfqwKZ2tLfoB0YfG8M%3D&reserved=0"
originalsrc="http://sputniknews.com/politics/20170718/1055632225.html"
shash="AAPv2o9/pL7/4ilW49RtjgbZwG9vrZxKuJrrL4/WctKakyyRJ95EfA2MRwVq7SrVvTlx9hPNqklfz6FDqF8ohlEKve6C4rR5feVJrZfV85PIhIjlF3s41W8gLNxpjAamtQl913VauLAgEgzOm5YlCl0GuKOl1vBTgW2IEGyTAOA="
style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration:
underline;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color: rgb(247, 150, 29);" class="">government<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></a>knows
full well that some of its surrogate terrorist
organizations in Syria have used chemical weapons," he
said.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 18pt;"
class="">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif;" class=""><img class=""
apple-inline="yes"
id="63A0E55B-D3EA-4AB0-A093-4F16BB68C3C5"
apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes"
src="cid:part24.D4770B9F.AF3399C3@gmail.com"
width="553" height="295"></span><span
style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
serif;" class="" lang="EN"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: right;
background-color: rgb(247, 150, 29);" class="">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: white; text-transform: uppercase;"
class="" lang="EN">© SPUTNIK/ MIKHAIL VOSKRESENSKIY<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 13.5pt;
background-color: rgb(247, 150, 29);" class="">
<b class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family:
'Times New Roman', serif;" class="" lang="EN"><a
href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsputniknews.com%2Fmiddleeast%2F201710051057967144-opcw-chemical-weapons-use-syria%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ckarenaram%40hotmail.com%7Cfa271db85a454e13baad08d5182dc2d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636441507170392832&sdata=5DenvfjtOltAAfiT5YLcjb82Qx8yhlri4JOBky1P%2Fok%3D&reserved=0"
originalsrc="https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201710051057967144-opcw-chemical-weapons-use-syria/"
shash="RPabuP7Yu9RoWDn3JE6JVxHidY9NSZaKQ+F/s7IdDzXm8boPcl4s4c3/7uU5K+XqG9P3ND2+bE465HAxGssno5Tn9yYEUXpQ55STjEU+3xPGs658wEJjLI5rhcpja50VqkfYgVLUdCLzBcezQP+dB3uYqBcAHpNOJ4SMpcOI5QY="
style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration:
underline;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="" class="">OPCW Says Found Evidence of
Chemical Weapons Use in Syria's Hama in March</span></a><o:p
class=""></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 18pt;"
class="">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">Over the past four years, successive US
administrations had deliberately and cynically blamed
Damascus for chemical attacks that they knew their own
allies had carried out, Boyle stated.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">"Both the Obama administration and now the
Trump administration have maliciously exploited their
surrogates’ uses of chemical weapons as pretexts and
propaganda to justify direct US military intervention
into Syria," he said.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">Boyle also warned that even after the
admission buried deep in this week’s Travel Advisory,
the US government could again in the future blame the
Syrian government for chemical attacks that it knew had
been carried out in reality by its own allies.<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">"It very well could happen again. Caveat
emptor!" he said.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;
line-height: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""
lang="EN">Al-Nusra Front controls Syria's Idlib
Governorate through the umbrella terrorist group al-Sham
and is still thought to be a front for al-Qaeda.</span></p>
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