[Peace-discuss] Fwd: INVEST IN HEALTH NOT WAR - CALL FOR GLOBAL
DEMONSTRATIONS ON 24 JUNE
Ricky Baldwin
baldwinricky at yahoo.com
Mon Jun 14 13:29:16 CDT 2004
Al, would this be a good date to try out your One Main
St protest site?
Ricky
--- Alfred Kagan <akagan at uiuc.edu> wrote:
> >Date: Mon, 14 Jun 2004 11:37:47 -0400
> >From: South Africa Development Fund
> <freesa at igc.org>
> >Subject: INVEST IN HEALTH NOT WAR - CALL FOR GLOBAL
> DEMONSTRATIONS ON 24 JUNE
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> > arabinowitz at earthlink.net,
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> >
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> >>To: news at tac.org.za
> >>Subject: INVEST IN HEALTH NOT WAR - CALL FOR
> GLOBAL DEMONSTRATIONS ON 24 JUNE
> >>X-ELNK-AV: 0
> >>
> >>Invest in Health Not War
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>14 June 2004
> >>
> >>Full details:
>
>><http://www.tac.org.za/healthnotwar.htm>http://<http://www.tac.org.za/healthnotwar.htm>www.tac.org.za<http://www.tac.org.za/healthnotwar.htm>/HealthNotWar.htm
> >>Queries, endorsements and event information:
>
>><mailto:healthnotwar at tac.org.za>healthnotwar at tac.org.za
> >>
> >>Call for Global Demonstrations on 24 June 2004 to
> Demand that the
> >>Bush Administration:
> >>
> >>Reduce Military Spending and War Actions: Spend
> More Money on AIDS,
> >>Tuberculosis, Malaria, Malnutrition and Poverty;
> >>Help Ensure that the World Health Organization's
> Plan to Treat
> >>Three Million People with AIDS by 2005 Receives
> the Resources it
> >>Needs to Succeed;
> >>Stop Undermining Public Confidence in Safe,
> Effective Anti-AIDS Medicines;
> >>Stop Using AIDS Money to Marginalise Minorities
> and Undermine
> >>Access to Condoms and Reproductive Choices;
> >>Stop Pursuing a Pseudo-Scientific Response to the
> HIV Epidemic;
> >>Stop Using Bilateral Pressure to Undermine the
> Doha Declaration on
> >>TRIPS and Public Health;
> >>Give the Promised $15 Billion for AIDS to the
> Global Fund to Fight
> >>AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) - Not the US
> President's AIDS fund
> >>(known as PEPFAR).
> >>
> >>
> >>We, the undersigned, are organisations from around
> the world that
> >>campaign for human rights, the alleviation of the
> HIV epidemic and
> >>women's rights to reproductive choices. We are
> deeply disturbed by
> >>the actions and policies of the Bush
> Administration that undermine
> >>the prevention and treatment of AIDS. The effect
> of the US
> >>government's unlawful war in Iraq has been to
> divert international
> >>attention away from global health and poverty.
> Hundreds of billions
> >>of dollars are being spent on the military instead
> of investing
> >>resources in the biggest threats to human security
> today: AIDS, TB,
> >>malaria, malnutrition and poverty.
> >>
> >>In 2003, the United Nations estimated that 2.5-3.5
> million people
> >>died of AIDS, one million of malaria and two
> million of TB, yet
> >>these diseases can be treated. An estimated 800
> million people
> >>endured malnutrition, which continues to play a
> major role in half
> >>of the more than ten million annual child deaths
> in the developing
> >>world. In many countries women undergo back-street
> abortions and
> >>risk death because they are denied the right to
> make reproductive
> >>choices. Inappropriate moral judgments stigmatise
> condom use and
> >>distribution, thereby putting millions of people
> at risk of HIV and
> >>other sexually-transmitted infections. The spread
> of HIV is fuelled
> >>by the oppression of sexual minorities and
> draconian legislation
> >>aimed at sex workers and intravenous drug users.
> Successfully
> >>reducing HIV infections and giving more people
> with AIDS access to
> >>life-saving medicines requires the promotion of
> human rights and
> >>investment in developing world health systems. The
> World Health
> >>Organization (WHO) has called for three million
> people with AIDS to
> >>be treated with life-saving antiretroviral
> medicines by 2005, but
> >>the Bush Administration has shown little political
> will for
> >>promoting this objective or human rights.
> >>
> >>In January 2003, the Bush Administration promised
> $15 billion over
> >>the next five years to alleviate the HIV epidemic.
> This was
> >>cautiously welcomed by human rights and AIDS
> organisations. Yet the
> >>expenditure approved by the US Congress as part of
> this commitment
> >>for 2004 is only $2.4 billion. The total amount of
> US aid money for
> >>2004 is $17.55 billion. Yet the military budget
> approved for 2004
> >>is already $368.2 billion, an amount that does not
> reflect the $87
> >>billion war supplemental requested by the Bush
> Administration. Much
> >>of this military budget is being used to fight the
> so-called War
> >>Against Terror and to sustain the occupation of
> Iraq. We
> >>acknowledge the threat of terrorism. However, the
> most important
> >>and widespread threats to global security are the
> ones exacerbated
> >>by poverty and lack of development: the HIV,
> malaria and
> >>tuberculosis epidemics, as well as malnutrition.
> Alleviating these
> >>problems together with promoting human rights and
> negotiating
> >>solutions to world problems through international
> institutions is
> >>the best way to ensure long-term global security.
> This was
> >>partially recognised by the Clinton Administration
> when it declared
> >>AIDS a national and global security threat in late
> April 2000.
> >>
> >>Unfortunately, the Bush Administration has shown
> insufficient
> >>regard for these problems, as well as for the
> expertise of
> >>international institutions such as the United
> Nations, the WHO and
> >>the GFATM. The Bush Administration's stance on key
> prevention and
> >>treatment issues contradicts the extensively
> researched positions
> >>of these international institutions. For example,
> a third of
> >>PEPFAR's prevention funds are earmarked for
> >>abstinence-until-marriage programmes. While
> promoting delayed
> >>sexual activity is an important part of
> life-skills education, this
> >>should not be framed in moral judgments concerning
> marriage or at
> >>the expense of condom promotion and distribution,
> especially to
> >>youth. The Bush Administration refuses to
> acknowledge the vital
> >>importance of access to and information about
> condoms in the
> >>general population and it has been party to
> unscientific actions
> >>and statements questioning the efficacy of
> condoms, for example
> >>removing information on condoms from the website
> of the US Centers
> >>for Disease Control. President Bush has also taken
> the
> >>extraordinary step of reinstating and extending
> the Reagan-era
> >>Global Gag Rule on family planning organisations,
> cutting US
> >>funding as well as donations of contraceptives
> when these
> >>organisations provide information on abortion to
> their patients. We
> >>are concerned that current US policy is informed
> by a religious
> >>fundamentalist agenda. Furthermore, obstacles
> continue to be placed
> >>in the way of accessing more affordable medicines,
> by blocking
> >>competition between generic medicines and patented
> brand-name
> >>drugs. In particular, the Bush Administration is
> blocking access to
> >>generic fixed-dose combination medicines that will
> allow more
> >>people with AIDS in the developing world to go
> onto life-saving
> >>antiretroviral treatment and reduce the number of
> pills they need
> >>to take on a daily basis.
> >>
> >>The Bush Administration has placed religious
> fundamentalist
> >>convictions above science, undermining access to
> and use of
> >>condoms, reproductive choices and access to
> generic medicines. This
> >>has lead to a critical editorial in the
> prestigious medical journal
> >>The Lancet describing US policy on HIV/AIDS as
> "perhaps one of the
> >>best examples of ideology impeding sound public
> health policy."*
> >>While the South African government has been
> correctly criticised
> >>extensively for its unscientific approach to the
> HIV epidemic
> >>(which now seems to be changing slowly), it is the
> Bush
> >>Administration that now champions irrational
> responses to the
> >>epidemic.
> >>
> >>We therefore call for an International Day of
> Action on 24 June
> >>2004 to say to the Bush Administration: Invest in
> Health, Not War!
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>* Lancet Reference: 2002 Jul 13; 360 (9327): 97.
> >>
> >>
> >>Questions and Answers
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>How much money did the Bush Administration pledge
> to alleviating
> >>AIDS in Africa and the Caribbean and how much has
> actually been
> >>given?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>In his annual State of the Union address in
> January 2003, President
> >>Bush announced the provision of an additional $10
> billion to AIDS
> >>programmes in Africa and the Caribbean. This
> should have brought to
> >>$15 billion the US government's total commitment
> following a $5
> >>billion allocation under the Clinton
> Administration that had yet to
> >>be disbursed. The US Congress eventually
> appropriated $2.4 billion
> >>in 2004, and the total amount released so far is
> just $350 million.
> >>
> >>To whom is the money being given?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>Most of the money is intended for distribution
> through the
> >>bilateral President's Emergency Plan for AIDS
> Relief (PEPFAR),
> >>which currently targets 14 countries: Botswana,
> Cote d'Ivoire,
> >>Ethiopia, Guyana, Haiti, Kenya, Mozambique,
> Namibia, Nigeria,
> >>Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.
> A relatively
> >>small portion of the Bush Administration's pledge,
> just $1 billion
> >>over five years, is intended for the GFATM.
> >>
> >>What is the GFATM?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria
> (GFATM) is an
> >>independent, multilateral institution established
> in 2002 with the
> >>purpose of funding programmes in developing
> countries aimed at
> >>treating and preventing the three
> highest-mortality infectious
> >>diseases in the world. Its success is necessary
> for the WHO to meet
> >>its goal of treating three million people with
> AIDS by 2005. The
> >>GFATM aims to constitute a major source of the $27
> billion in
> >>economic assistance to developing countries that
> the WHO Commission
> >>on Macroeconomics and Health has suggested is
> needed by 2007
> >>(growing to $38 billion by 2015), yet the GFATM
> remains
> >>underfunded, receiving only $658 million so far in
> 2004. Partly
> >>this is due to the US government failing to commit
> sufficient funds
> >>to it, but the European Union, Canada, Australia
> and Japan all need
> >>to contribute more money to the Fund.
> >>
> >>How has the Bush Adminstration undermined access
> to condoms in
> >>developing countries?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>As early as mid-2001, the Bush Administration
> removed all
> >>references to condom effectiveness from the US
> Centers for Disease
> >>Control website. Subsequent funding allocations
> and policy
> >>documents render it clear that the Administratrion
> views condom
> >>promotion as appropriate primarily for so-called
> high risk groups.
> >>In reality, individuals who engage in any kind of
> sexual activity
> >>at any stage of their lives must have the
> information to protect
> >>themselves and their partners and the ability to
> act on that
> >>information through unrestricted access to
> contraceptives and
> >>reproductive choice. While PEPFAR does not openly
> ban funding for
> >>comprehensive sex education or condom promotion, a
> full 1/3 of the
> >>Plan's prevention funds are reserved for promoting
>
> >>abstinence-until-marriage (this restriction is
> advisory for 2004-5
> >>but becomes mandatory in 2006). This funding
> structure is
> >>unrealistic and refuses to take into account the
> complex social and
> >>economic problems that put young people at risk
> for early sexual
> >>activity and exposure to HIV.
> >>
> >>How has the Bush Adminstration undermined access
> to reproductive
> >>choices in developing countries?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>The so-called Mexico City Policy, also known as
> the Global Gag
> >>Rule, was first established by US President Ronald
> Reagan in 1984,
> >>prohibiting any organisation receiving family
> planning funds from
> >>the US Agency for International Development
> (USAID) from providing
> >>information about abortion. The Global Gag Rule
> was later suspended
> >>by President Bill Clinton, but reinstated in
> January 2001 as one of
> >>the Bush Administration's first official acts. In
> August 2003,
> >>President Bush extended the Gag Rule to cover US
> Department of
> >>State funds as well. Many of the affected family
> planning
> >>organisations that choose to reject the Gag Rule's
> restrictions
> >>then find themselves unable to obtain donated
> USAID contraceptives
> >>and are forced to cut services and raise fees.
> >>
> >>Why is the Bush Administration against
> reproductive choice and condom access?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>President Bush and many members of his
> Administration use religion
> >>to excuse intolerant fundamentalist political
> policies. They
> >>believe that abortion and condom use are wrong.
> They fail to
> >>understand that access to condoms is an essential
> component of any
> >>large-scale workable HIV prevention strategy and
> that reproductive
> >>choices, including the right to an abortion, are
> critical for the
> >>empowerment of women in the developing world.
> >>
> >>What are fixed-dose combination (FDC)
> antiretroviral medicines?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>Fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medicines
> are an important
> >>breakthrough for treating people with AIDS,
> because they combine
> >>some or all the antiretroviral medicines a patient
> has to take into
> >>one pill. In general, three different
> antiretroviral medicines have
> >>to be taken twice daily by people on treatment.
> This used to
> >>require patients to take many pills a day -- as
> many as 18 not
> >>being uncommon. Research in a South African
> hospital has shown that
> >>the number of pills patients take a day is a
> critical factor
> >>affecting patient adherence to their treatment.
> (AIDS. 2003 Jun
> >>13;17(9):1369-75.) Patient adherence is critical
> to the success of
> >>treatment and reducing drug resistance. With the
> gradual
> >>improvement of antiretroviral technology, pill
> counts have come
> >>down for most patients. Some fixed-dose
> combination medicines
> >>reduce the pill count to two pills a day.
> >>
> >>Furthermore, because the only three-in-one FDCs
> are manufactured by
> >>generic companies, they are frequently cheaper
> than the equivalent,
> >>but separate, medicines produced by brand-name
> companies.
> >>
> >>How has the Bush Administration undermined access
> to generic
> >>fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medicines
> used for treating
> >>AIDS?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>The US government's undermining of access to
> cheaper medicines
> >>precedes the Bush Administration. The
> pharmaceutical lobby is a
> >>powerful force in US politics and contributes
> generously to
> >>presidential elections, usually to both Democrat
> and Republican
> >>candidates. Its primary interest is to protect
> itself against
> >>competition from cheaper generic medicines, by
> lobbying for more
> >>stringent patent protection both in the US and
> internationally.
> >>Under the Clinton Administration, South Africa was
> placed on a
> >>trade watch-list when it enacted legislation to
> make medicines more
> >>accessible. Following activist pressure, the
> Administration
> >>relented. (Since his Presidency, Mr. Clinton's
> foundation has
> >>worked to reduce the prices of AIDS medicines,
> particularly
> >>generics, as well as monitoring tools.)
> >>
> >>The Bush Administration has a worse record on
> blocking access to
> >>affordable medicines than the Clinton
> Administration. It attempted
> >>to stop a World Trade Organization agreement at
> Doha, Qatar, which
> >>improves access to generic medicines for poor
> countries. Again,
> >>following activist pressure and a firm, unified
> stance by
> >>developing world negotiators, the US government
> backed down.
> >>Paragraph 6 of the the Doha Agreement left certain
> matters
> >>unresolved, so the Bush Administration advocated
> for a resolution
> >>of the paragraph that would have restricted access
> to generic
> >>medicines. Again activist pressure coupled with a
> firm stance by
> >>developing world negotiators resulted in the US
> backing down.
> >>Nevertheless, the Bush Administration continues to
> undermine the
> >>Doha Declaration by pursuing bilateral trade
> agreements with
> >>developing countries, reducing the options for
> making generic
> >>medicines more accessible that these countries
> would otherwise have
> >>under the Doha Declaration.
> >>
> >>The trend of attempting to foil efforts to access
> cheaper generic
> >>medicines has continued over the past few months.
> Members of the
> >>Bush Administration have undermined public
> confidence in the safety
> >>and efficacy of fixed-dose combination (FDC)
> generic antiretroviral
> >>medicines approved by the WHO. These medicines are
> an essential,
> >>affordable tool for the treatment of HIV on a
> massive scale. The
> >>Bush Administration clearly would prefer to use
> PEPFAR money to
> >>purchase brand-name antiretrovirals, in order to
> satisfy the drug
> >>manufacturers among its campaign donors. The
> Administration's
> >>allegations against generic FDCs, particularly
> those announced by
> >>Mr. Randall Tobias, the former CEO of Eli Lilly
> appointed by
> >>President Bush to be the US Global AIDS
> Coordinator, are based on
> >>pseudo-science. Despite the unity of expert
> opinion at the
> >>US-initiated FDC conference in Botswana this past
> March that the
> >>current standards in place for approving
> fixed-dose combinations
> >>are acceptable, the Bush Administration has
> persisted with this
> >>agenda.
> >>
> >>In late April, Mr. Tobias stated, "Maybe [FDC]
> drugs are safe and
> >>effective. Maybe these drugs are, in fact, exact
> duplicates of the
> >>research-based drugs [sold in the United States].
> Maybe they
> >>aren't. Nobody really knows." (Zavis, Associated
> Press, 28 April)
> >>This is incorrect. The WHO has put in place a
> stringent process,
> >>known as prequalification, for recommending
> antiretroviral
> >>medicines that are safe and effective. The term
> prequalified is
> >>used because it is still the prerogative of each
> country's own
> >>regulating authorities to approve the drugs for
> domestic use. To
> >>date, ten fixed-dose combination medicines have
> been prequalified.
> >>In South Africa, at least one FDC containing an
> entire
> >>antiretroviral regimen is awaiting approval by the
> Medicines
> >>Control Council (MCC), and it is already widely
> used through
> >>special exemptions granted by the MCC. Tobias'
> statement, made in
> >>South Africa, was aimed at fuelling the already
> confused debate in
> >>the country about the safety and efficacy of
> antiretroviral
> >>medicines.
> >>
> >>Generic medicines have to be shown to be
> pharmacologically
> >>equivalent to brand-name medicines before they are
> approved. The
> >>usual (and best) way of demonstrating this is
> through what is
> >>called a bioequivalence test. The bioequivalence
> standard requires
> >>similar quantities and availability of the active
> ingredient in
> >>brand-name and generic formulations, and is
> defined by absorption
> >>parameters generally falling between 80% and 125%
> of those obtained
> >>with the brand-name drug under the same testing
> conditions. The
> >>FDCs prequalified by the WHO have successfully
> passed
> >>bioequivalence tests. Mr. Tobias certainly was not
> questioning the
> >>use of bioequivalence for approving generics. Most
> generic
> >>medicines approved by the US Food and Drug
> Administration (FDA) are
> >>approved based on bioequivalence testing.
> Therefore, Tobias could
> >>only have been calling into question the fact that
> generic FDC
> >>antiretrovirals combine the two or three drugs
> against which they
> >>are tested for bioequivalence into one pill. What
> he and other
> >>apologists for the Bush Administration seem to be
> suggesting is
> >>that generic FDC antiretrovirals can only be
> approved once they go
> >>through clinical trials. But this is unacceptable
> because there is
> >>no reason to believe that combining the medicines
> into one pill
> >>materially affects the validity of bioequivalence.
> Many combination
> >>medicines, both brand-name and generic, are
> approved by regulatory
> >>authorities around the world (including the FDA)
> and there is
> >>nothing inherent about drugs being in combination
> that affects
> >>their safety or efficacy. Indeed, one of the most
> important
> >>medicines in South Africa's public health system
> is a four-in-one
> >>tuberculosis FDC. It has been used for a number of
> years and
> >>benefited thousands of patients and it was
> approved on the basis of
> >>bioequivalence, not full clinical trials. It is
> particularly ironic
> >>that the Bush Administration has a sudden concern
> for the safety
> >>and efficacy of extensively-tested essential
> medicines when it
> >>certainly does not show the same concerns with
> regard to
> >>genetically modified foods, which might in the
> long run prove safe
> >>but certainly are not essential.
> >>
> >>Following criticism of Mr. Tobias' unsustainable
> arguments at a
> >>recent high-profile WHO meeting, the Bush
> Administration has
> >>retreated and released a statement saying that FDC
> manufacturers
> >>can apply for fast-tracked approval through the
> FDA to become
> >>eligible for purchase through PEPFAR funds. This
> was to head off
> >>further embarrassment at a World Health Assembly
> meeting. However,
> >>while this compromise suggests a position that is
> more reasonable
> >>than the one articulated by Mr. Tobias, it is
> still insufficient.
> >>The FDA is responsible for regulating medicines in
> the United
> >>States, although some other countries take their
> cue from FDA
> >>registrations. WHO prequalification should be
> sufficient for donors
> >>and the decision to distribute FDCs should lie
> with countries' own
> >>regulatory authorities. Applying for FDA approval
> is usually a
> >>time-consuming and expensive process, costing
> hundreds of thousands
> >>of dollars, and it is questionable whether there
> is sufficient
> >>incentive for generic companies to pursue an FDA
> application. While
> >>the statement admitted the possibility of waiving
> FDA fees and
> >>reducing application times to six weeks, this has
> been stated in
> >>vague terms. At least one US official has already
> stated that six
> >>weeks is the best-case scenario and is only
> realistic for
> >>combinations of separate drugs packaged in the
> same blister packs,
> >>which are not the same thing as FDCs.
> >>
> >>This latest compromise by the Bush Administration
> is part of a long
> >>history of blocking access to generics and then
> relenting when
> >>faced with pressure. The trend has been that as
> the possibility of
> >>distributing generic medicines has come closer,
> the US government
> >>has done everything it can to create obstacles to
> their
> >>availability.
> >>
> >>If the Bush Administration proceeds with its new
> policy that FDCs
> >>must be registered with the FDA before PEPFAR
> funds can purchase
> >>them, then it must at a minimum commit
> unambiguously to the waiving
> >>of FDA fees and registration within no more than
> six weeks of
> >>application. Bureaucratic delays in distributing
> medicines to
> >>developing countries have a very tangible cost:
> lost lives.
> >>
> >>If the Bush Administration donated most of its
> AIDS relief funds to
> >>the GFATM, which can and does fund the purchase of
> generic
> >>antiretrovirals, the issue of PEPFAR being
> restricted to
> >>FDA-approved drugs would largely disappear.
> >>
> >>What Actions are Planned for 24 June?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>Organisations in different countries are
> encouraged to plan their
> >>own events. An updated list of actions is
> available on
> >>http://www.tac.org.za/HealthNotWar.htm. To have
> your action added
> >>to the list of events, please send an email with
> full details of
> >>the event to
>
>><mailto:healthnotwar at tac.org.za>healthnotwar at tac.org.za.
> >>
> >>Suggested Actions: Pickets at or marches to US
> consulates and
> >>embassies, letter-writing and fax campaigns to the
> White House, US
> >>embassies and consulates, press conferences,
> awareness events.
> >>
> >>The following organisations have called for the
> International Day
> >>of Action on 24 June:
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>(To endorse this statement, please send an email
> to
>
>><mailto:healthnotwar at tac.org.za>healthnotwar at tac.org.za
> with the
> >>name of your organisation and contact details)
> >>
> >>Action for Southern Africa (ACTSA), UK
> >>Advocators of Processes of HIV/AIDS Programs,
> Kenya
> >>Africa Action, USA
> >>AIDS Consortium, South Africa
> >>AIDS Law Project, South Africa
> >>AIDS Law Unit, Namibia
> >>AIDS Legal Network, South Africa
> >>AIDS Task Force of Africa Japan Forum, Japan
> >>American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), USA
> >>Association de lutte contre le SIDA (AIDES),
> France
> >>Basic Income Grant Coalition (BIG), South Africa
> >>Blue Diamond Society, Nepal
> >>BUKO Pharma-Kampagne, Germany
> >>Children First, South Africa
> >>Childolescent & Family Survival Organization
> (CAFSO
> >>Community HIV/AIDS Mobilization Project (CHAMP),
> USA
> >>European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG), Europe
> >>Friends of TAC (FoTAC), UK
> >>Friends of TAC (FoTAC), USA
> >>Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe (GALZ), Zimbabwe
> >>Georgian Plus Group, Georgia
> >>Global AIDS Alliance, USA
> >>Globalise Resistance, UK
> >>Gruopo Portugues de Activistas sobre Tratamentos
> (GAT), Portugal
> >>Grupo de Trabajo sobre Tratamientos del VIH/SIDA
> (gTt), Spain
> >>Health GAP, USA
> >>Hispanasida, Spain
> >>HIV i-Base, UK
> >>Housing Works, Inc., USA
> >>International Community of Women Living with
> HIV/AIDS (ICW), UK
> >>New Mexico AIDS InfoNet, USA
> >>Pan African Treatment Access Movement (PATAM),
> Africa
> >>Plus and Minus Foundation, Bulgaria
> >>Positive Movement Belarus, Belarus
> >>Positive Muslims, South Africa
> >>Progressive Organization of Gays in the
> Philippines, Philippines
> >>South Africa Development Fund, USA
> >>South African Communist Party (SACP), South Africa
> >>Southern African Contact, Denmark
> >>Thai AIDS Treatment Action Group (TTAG), Thailand
> >>Thai Drug Users' Network (TDN), Thailand
> >>Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), South Africa
> >>Union Aid Abroad (APHEDO), Australia
> >>Youth Empowered to Succeed (YES), Kenya
> >>
> >>For further details, please phone: +27 (0) 21 788
> 3507 or Njogu
> >>Morgan on +27 (0) 73 358 1282
>
>
> --
>
>
> Al Kagan
> African Studies Bibliographer and Professor of
> Library Administration
> Africana Unit, Room 328
> University of Illinois Library
> 1408 W. Gregory Drive
> Urbana, IL 61801, USA
>
> tel. 217-333-6519
> fax. 217-333-2214
> e-mail. akagan at uiuc.edu>
_______________________________________________
> Peace-discuss mailing list
> Peace-discuss at lists.cu.groogroo.com
>
http://lists.cu.groogroo.com/cgi-bin/listinfo/peace-discuss
>
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