[Peace-discuss] A Century of U.S. Military Interventions

[Lisa Chason]

compiled in 1999
  


A CENTURY OF U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTIONS

The following is a partial list of 130 U.S. military interventions from
1890 to 1999:

SOUTH DAKOTA, 1890 (-?) Troops. 300 Lakota Indians massacred at Wounded
Knee.

ARGENTINA, 1890 - Troops. Buenos Aires interests protected.

CHILE, 1891 - Troops. Marines clash with nationalist rebels.

HAITI, 1891 - Troops. Black workers revolt on U.S.-claimed Navassa
Island defeated.

IDAHO, 1892 - Troops. Army suppresses silver miners' strike.

HAWAII, 1893 (-?) - Naval, troops. Independent kingdom overthrown,
annexed.

CHICAGO, 1894 - Troops. Breaking of rail strike, 34 killed.

NICARAGUA, 1894 - Troops. Month-long occupation of Bluefields.

CHINA, 1894-95 - Naval, troops. Marines land in Sino-Japanese War.

KOREA, 1894-96 - Troops/ Marines kept in Seoul during war.

PANAMA, 1895 - Troops, naval/ Marines land in Colombian province.

NICARAGUA, 1896 - Troops/ Marines land in port of Corinto.

CHINA, 1989-1900 - Troops/ Boxer Rebellion fought by foreign armies.

PHILIPPINES, 1898-1910(-?) Naval, troops. Seized from Spain, killed
600,000 Filipinos.

CUBA, 1898-1902(-?) Naval, troops/ Seized from Spain, still hold Navy
base.

PUERTO RICO, 1898(-?) Naval, troops/ Seized from Spain, occupation
continues.

GUAM, 1898(-?) Naval, troops/ Seized from Spain, still use as base.

MINNESOTA, 1898(-?) Troops/ Army battles Chippewa at Leech Lake.

NICARAGUA, 1898 - Troops / Marines land at port of San Juan del Sur.

SAMOA, 1899(-?) Troops/ Battle over succession to throne.

NICARAGUA, 1899 - Troops/ Marines land at port of Bluefields.

IDAHO, 1899-1901 - Troops / Army occupies C?ur d'Alene mining region.

OKLAHOMA, 1901 - Troops/ Army battles Creek Indian revolt.

PANAMA, 1901-14 - Naval, troops/ Broke off from Colombia 1903, annexed
Canal Zone 1914-99.

HONDURAS, 1903 - Troops/ Marines intervene in revolution.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, 1903-04 - Troops. U.S. interests protected in
Revolution.

KOREA, 1904-05 - Troops/ Marines land in Russo-Japanese War.

CUBA, 1906-09 - Troops/ Marines land in democratic election.

NICARAGUA, 1907 - Troops/ 'Dollar Diplomacy' protectorate set up.

HONDURAS, 1907 - Troops/ Marines land during war with Nicaragua.

PANAMA, 1908 - Troops / Marines intervene in election contest.

NICARAGUA, 1910 - Troops / Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto.

HONDURAS, 1911 - Troops/ U.S. interests protected in civil war.

CUBA, 1912 - Troops/ U.S. interests protected in Havana.

PANAMA, 1912 - Troops/ Marines land during heated election.

HONDURAS, 1912 - Troops/ Marines protect U.S. economic interests.

NICARAGUA, 1912-33 - Troops, bombing/ 20-year occupation, fought
guerrillas.

MEXICO, 1913 - Naval/ Americans evacuated during revolution.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, 1914 - Naval/ Fight with rebels over Santo Domingo.

COLORADO, 1914 - Troops/ Breaking of miners' strike by Army.

MEXICO, 1914-18 - Naval, troops/ Series of interventions against
nationalists.

HAITI, 1914-34 - Troops, bombing/ 19-year occupation after revolts.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, 1916-24 - Troops. 8-year Marine occupation.

CUBA, 1917-33 - Troops. Military occupation, economic protectorate.

WORLD WAR I, 1917-18 - Naval, troops/ Ships sunk, fought Germany.

RUSSIA, 1918-22 - Naval, troops. Five landings to fight Bolsheviks.

PANAMA, 1918-20 - Troops. 'Police duty' during unrest after elections.

YUGOSLAVIA, 1919 - Troops. Marines intervene for Italy against Serbs in
Dalmatia.

HONDURAS, 1919 - Troops. Marines land during election campaign.

GUATEMALA, 1920 - Troops. 2-week intervention against unionists.

WEST VIRGINIA, 1920-21 - Troops, bombing. Army intervenes against
mineworkers.

TURKEY, 1922 - Troops. Fought nationalists in Smyrna (Izmir).

CHINA, 1922-27 - Naval, troops/ Deployment during nationalist revolt.

HONDURAS, 1924-25/ Troops/ Landed twice during election strife.

PANAMA, 1925 - Troops / Marines suppress general strike.

CHINA, 1927-34/ Troops/ Marines stationed throughout the country.

EL SALVADOR, 1932/ Naval/ Warships sent during Faribundo Marti revolt.

WASHINGTON DC, 1932/ Troops/ Army stops WWI vet bonus protest.

WORLD WAR II, 1941-45/ Naval,troops, bombing, nuclear/ Fought Axis for 3
years; 1st nuclear war.

DETROIT, 1943/ Troops/ Army puts down Black rebellion.

IRAN, 1946/ Nuclear threat/ Soviet troops told to leave north (Iranian
Azerbaijan).

YUGOSLAVIA, 1946/ Naval/ Response to shooting-down of U.S.plane.

URUGUAY, 1947/ Nuclear threat/ Bombers deployed as show of strength.

GREECE, 1947-49/ Command operation/ U.S. directs extreme-right in civil
war.

CHINA, 1948-49/ Troops/ Marines evacuate Americans before Communist
victory.

GERMANY, 1948/ Nuclear threat/ Atomic-capable bombers guard Berlin
Airlift.

PHILIPPINES, 1948-54/ Command operation/ CIA directs war against Huk
Rebellion.

PUERTO RICO, 1950/ Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats/ Independence
rebellion crushed in Ponce.

KOREA, 1951-53(-?)/ U.S.& South Korea fight China & North Korea to
stalemate; A bomb threat in 1950, & vs. China in 1953. Still have bases.

IRAN, 1953/ Command operation/ CIA overthrows democracy, installs Shah.

VIETNAM, 1954/ Nuclear threat/ Bombs offered to French to use against
siege.

GUATEMALA, 1954/ Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat/ CIA directs
exile invasion after new gov't nationalizes U.S. company lands; bombers
based in Nicaragua.

EGYPT, 1956/ Nuclear threat, troops/ Soviets told to keep out of Suez
crisis; Marines evacuate foreigners

LEBANON, 1958/ Troops, naval/ Marine occupation against rebels

IRAQ, 1958/ Nuclear threat/ Iraq warned against invading Kuwait.

CHINA, 1958/ Nuclear threat/ China told not to move on Taiwan isles.

PANAMA, 1958/ Troops/ Flag protests erupt into confrontation.

VIETNAM, 1960-75/ Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats/ Fought South
Vietnam revolt & North Vietnam; 1-2 million killed in longest U.S. war;
atomic bomb threats in 1968 and 1969.

CUBA, 1961/ Command operation/ CIA-directed exile invasion fails.

GERMANY, 1961/ Nuclear threat/ Alert during Berlin Wall crisis.

CUBA, 1962/ Nuclear threat/ Naval Blockade during missile crisis;
near-war with USSR.

LAOS, 1962/ Command operation/ Military buildup during guerrilla war.

PANAMA, 1964/ Troops/ Panamanians shot for urging canal's return.

INDONESIA, 1965/ Command operation/ Million killed in CIA-assisted army
coup.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, 1965-66/ Troops, bombing/ Marines land during
election campaign.

GUATEMALA, 1966-67/ Command operation/ Green Berets intervene against
rebels.

DETROIT, 1967/ Troops/ Army battles Blacks, 43 killed.

UNITED STATES, 1968/ Troops/ After King is shot; over 21,000 soldiers in
cities.

CAMBODIA, 1969-75/ Bombing, troops, naval/ Up to 2 million killed in
decade of bombing, starvation, and political chaos.

OMAN, 1970/ Command operation/ U.S. directs Iranian marine invasion.

LAOS, 1971-73/ Command operation, bombing

U.S. directs South Vietnamese invasion; 'carpet-bombs' countryside.

SOUTH DAKOTA, 1973/ Command operation/ Army directs Wounded Knee siege
of Lakotas.

MIDEAST, 1973/ Nuclear threat/ World-wide alert during Mideast War.

CHILE, 1973/ Command operation/ CIA-backed coup ousts elected marxist
president.

CAMBODIA, 1975/ Troops, bombing Gas

captured ship, 28 die in copter crash.

ANGOLA, 1976-92/ Command operation/ CIA assists South African-backed
rebels.

IRAN, 1980/ Troops, nuclear threat, aborted bombing/ 8 troops die in
plane crash. Soviets warned not to get involved in revolution.

LIBYA, 1981/ Naval jets/ Two Libyan jets shot down in maneuvers.

EL SALVADOR, 1981-92/ Command operation, troops, advisors/ Overflights
aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash.

NICARAGUA, 1981-90/ Command operation, naval/ CIA directs exile (Contra)
invasions, plants harbor mines against revolution.

LEBANON, 1982-84/ Naval, bombing, troops/ Marines expel PLO and back
Phalangists, Navy bombs and shells Muslim and Syrian positions.

HONDURAS, 1983-89 - Troops. Maneuvers help build bases near borders.

GRENADA, 1983-84 - Troops, bombing. Invasion four years after
revolution.

IRAN, 1984 - Jets. Two Iranian jets shot down over Persian Gulf.

LIBYA, 1986 - Bombing, naval. Air strikes to topple nationalist gov't.

BOLIVIA, 1986 - Troops. Army assists raids on cocaine region.

IRAN, 1987-88 - Naval, bombing. US intervenes on side of Iraq in war.

LIBYA, 1989 - Naval jets. Two Libyan jets shot down.

VIRGIN ISLANDS, 1989 - Troops. St. Croix Black unrest after storm.

PHILIPPINES, 1989 - Jets. Air cover provided for government against
coup.

PANAMA, 1989-90 - Troops, bombing. Nationalist government ousted by
27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed.

LIBERIA, 1990 - Troops. Foreigners evacuated during civil war.

SAUDI ARABIA, 1990-91 - Troops, jets. Iraq countered after invading
Kuwait; 540,000 troops also stationed in Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, UAE,
Israel.

IRAQ, 1990-? Bombing, troops, naval. Blockade, air strikes; 200,000+
killed in invasion of Iraq; no-fly zone, large-scale destruction of
Iraqi military.

KUWAIT, 1991 - Naval, bombing, troops. Kuwait royal family returned to
throne.

LOS ANGELES, 1992 - Troops. Army, Marines deployed against anti-police
uprising.

SOMALIA, 1992-94 - Troops, naval, bombing. U.S.-led United Nations
occupation during civil war; raids against one Mogadishu faction.

YUGOSLAVIA, 1992-94 - Naval. NATO blockade of Serbia and Montenegro.

BOSNIA, 1993-95 - Jets. bombing. No-fly zone patrolled in civil war;
downed jets, bombed Serbs.

HAITI, 1994-96 - Troops, naval. Blockade against military government;
troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup.

CROATIA, 1995 - Bombing. Krajina Serb airfields attacked before Croatian
offensive.

ZAIRE (CONGO), 1996-97 - Troops. Marines at Rwandan Hutu refuge camps,
in area where Congo revolution begins .BR 
LIBERIA, 1997 - Troops. Soldiers under fire during evacuation of
foreigners.

ALBANIA, 1997 - Troops. Soldiers under fire during evacuation of
foreigners.

SUDAN, 1998 - Missiles. Attack on pharmaceutical plant alleged to be
'terrorist' nerve gas plant.

AFGHANISTAN, 1998 - Missiles. Attack on former CIA training camps used
by Islamic fundamentalist groups alleged to have attacked embassies.

IRAQ, 1998-?/ Bombing, Missiles. Four days of intensive air strikes
after weapons inspectors allege Iraqi obstructions.

YUGOSLAVIA, 1999 - ? Bombing, Missiles. NATO air strikes after Serbia
declines to withdraw from Kosovo. NATO occupation of Kosovo.

This compilation was revised on March 23, 1999. For more information or
with comments and additions please contact: Zoltan Grossman, 1705
Rutledge, Madison, WI 53704 Phone Fax: (608)246-2256. mtn at igc.apc.org

This is a partial list of U.S. military interventions from 1890 to 1999.
This guide does NOT include demonstration duty by military police,
mobilizations of the National Guard, offshore shows of naval strength,
reinforcements of embassy personnel, the use of non-Defense Department
personnel (such as the Drug Enforcement Agency), military exercises,
non-combat mobilizations (such as replacing postal strikers), the
permanent stationing of armed forces, covert actions where the U.S. did
not play a command and control role, the use of small hostage rescue
units, most uses of proxy troops, U.S. piloting of foreign warplanes,
foreign disaster assistance, military training and advisory programs not
involving direct combat, civic action programs, and many other military
activities.

Among sources used, besides news reports, are the Congressional Record
(23 June 1969), 180 landings by the U.S. Marine Corps History Division,
Ege & Makhijani in Counterspy (July-Aug. 1982), and Daniel Ellsberg in
Protest & Survive. 'Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad,
1798-1993' by Ellen C. Collier of the Library of Congress Congressional
Research Service.





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