[Peace-discuss] Fwd: FW: [vfp-all] Who is Ambassador Robert Stephen Ford?
David Johnson via Peace-discuss
peace-discuss at lists.chambana.net
Sun Jun 8 11:20:32 EDT 2014
Now that the Syrian election has reaffirmed broad support for Assad
it should be clear to all that there was no such thing as a "Syrian
revolution". It was a terrorist attack on a sovereign nation
initiated by the US/NATO War Machine. This article tells who the
architect of it was.
The Architect of US Sponsored Terrorism in Syria
*<http://www.globalresearch.ca/who-is-ambassador-robert-stephen-ford-the-architect-of-us-sponsored-terrorism-in-syria/5385973>*
**
**
*fordrobert3*
***Author’s Note*
***/In recent developments, the Western media is portraying former US
Ambassador to Syria Robert Stephen Ford as a “moderate”, committed to
supporting so-called “moderate mainstream opposition rebels”. Ford is
now upheld as a outspoken critic of US foreign policy, tacitly blaming
the US State Department for gross mismanagement:/*
**
*/“I was no longer in a position where*I felt I could defend the
American policy*… We have been unable to address either the root
causes of the conflict in terms of the fighting on the ground and
the balance on the ground,*and we have a growing extremism
threat.”*… (quoted in Slate,
<http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/06/04/robert_ford_obama_s_former_syria_ambassador_won_t_defend_the_administration.html>June
3, 2014, emphasis added)
/*
***/Ford calls upon Washington to support the moderates:/*
**
*/“*We need – and we have long needed – to help moderates in the
Syrian opposition with both weapons and other non-lethal
assistance.* … Had we done that a couple of years ago, had we ramped
it up, frankly *the al Qaeda groups that have been winning
adherents* would have been unable to compete with the moderates who
frankly we have much in common with,” (Reuters,
<http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/03/us-syria-usa-envoy-idUSKBN0EE2IR20140603>
June 3, 2014, emphasis added)/*
***/Responding to Ford’s comments, State Department spokeswoman Marie
Harf said, “He’s a private citizen. He’s entitled to his
views.”(Reuters,
<http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/03/us-syria-usa-envoy-idUSKBN0EE2IR20140603>
June 3, 2014)
/*
***/Who is Robert Stephen Ford? In a bitter irony, Robert Stephen Ford
is no “Moderate” as portrayed by the media. /*
***/Ford played a central role in developing *the “extremism threat”
scenario including the channeling of military aid to the Al Qaeda
affiliated rebels.* /*
***/Ford was from the outset in the months leading up to the March 2011
insurrection among the key architects involved in the formulation of a
US “Terrorist Option” for Syria including the recruitment and training
of death squads in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkey.
/*
***/The following text is based on a longer article first published by
GR in August 2011
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-pentagon-s-salvador-option-the-deployment-of-death-squads-in-iraq-and-syria/26043>
under the title *The Pentagon’s “Salvador Option”: The Deployment of
Death Squads in Iraq and Syria.
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-pentagon-s-salvador-option-the-deployment-of-death-squads-in-iraq-and-syria/26043>
as well as Terrorism with a Human Face: T
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/who-is-ambassador-robert-stephen-ford-the-architect-of-us-sponsored-terrorism-in-syria/terrorism-with-a-human-face-the-history-of-americas-death-squads/>*//he
History-of Americas Death Squads/
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/who-is-ambassador-robert-stephen-ford-the-architect-of-us-sponsored-terrorism-in-syria/terrorism-with-a-human-face-the-history-of-americas-death-squads/>*
***Michel Chossudovsky, June 6, 2014*
***-*
***Since his arrival in Damascus in late January 2011, Ambassador Robert
S. Ford played a central role in laying the groundwork as well as
establishing contacts with opposition groups.*
***A functioning US embassy in Damascus was seen as a precondition for
carrying out a process of political destabilization leading to “regime
change”.*
***Ambassador Robert S., Ford is no ordinary diplomat. He was U.S.
representative in January 2004 to the Shiite city of Najaf in
Iraq. Najaf was the stronghold of the Mahdi army*
***A few months later he was appointed “Number Two Man” (Minister
Counsellor for Political Affairs), at the US embassy in Baghdad at the
outset of John Negroponte’s tenure as US Ambassador to Iraq (June 2004-
April 2005). Ford subsequently served under Negroponte’s successor
Zalmay Khalilzad prior to his appointment as Ambassador to Algeria in 2006.*
***Negroponte’s mandate as US ambassador to Iraq (together with Robert
S. Ford) was to coordinate out of the US embassy, the covert support to
death squads and paramilitary groups in Iraq with a view to fomenting
sectarian violence and weakening the resistance movement. Robert S. Ford
as “Number Two” (Minister Counsellor for Political Affairs) at the US
Embassy in Baghdad played a central role in this endeavor.*
***To understand Robert Ford’s mandate in both Baghdad and subsequently
in Damascus, it is important to reflect briefly on the history of US
covert operations and the central role played by John D. Negroponte.*
***Negroponte and the “Salvador Option”*
***John Negroponte had served as US ambassador to Honduras from 1981 to
1985. As Ambassador in Tegucigalpa, he played a key role in supporting
and supervising the Nicaraguan Contra mercenaries who were based in
Honduras. The cross border Contra attacks into Nicaragua claimed some 50
000 civilian lives.*
***During the same period, Negroponte was instrumental in setting up the
Honduran military death squads, “operating with Washington support’s,
[they] assassinated hundreds of opponents of the US-backed regime.” (See
Bill Vann, Bush Nominee linked to Latin American Terrorism, by Bill
Vann, Global Research, November 2001,
http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/VAN111A.html)*
**
*“Under the rule of General Gustavo Alvarez Martnez, Honduras’s
military government was both a close ally of the Reagan
administration and was “disappearing” dozens of political opponents
in classic death squad fashion.*
*In a 1982 letter to The Economist, Negroponte wrote that it was
“simply untrue to state that death squads have made their appearance
in Honduras.” The Country Report on Human Rights Practices that his
embassy sent to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee took the same
line, insisting that there were “no political prisoners in Honduras”
and that the “Honduran government neither condones nor knowingly
permits killings of a political or nonpolitical nature.”*
*Yet according to a four-part series in the Baltimore Sun in 1995,
in 1982 alone the Honduran press ran 318 stories of murders and
kidnappings by the Honduran military. The Sun described the
activities of a secret CIA-trained Honduran army unit, Battalion
316, that used “shock and suffocation devices in interrogations.
Prisoners often were kept naked and, when no longer useful, killed
and buried in unmarked graves.”*
*On August 27, 1997, CIA Inspector General Frederick P. Hitz
released a 211-page classified report entitled “Selected Issues
Relating to CIA Activities in Honduras in the 1980′s.” This report
was partly declassified on Oct. 22, 1998, in response to demands by
the Honduran human rights ombudsman. Opponents of Negroponte are
demanding that all Senators read the full report before voting on
his nomination. to the position of US Permanent Representative to
the UN}” (Peter Roff and James Chapin, Face-off: Bush’s Foreign
Policy Warriors, Global Research November 2001,
http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/ROF111A.html*
***John Negroponte- Robert S. Ford. The Iraq “Salvador Option”*
***In January 2005, following Negroponte’s appointment as US ambassador
to Iraq, the Pentagon confirmed in a story leaked to /Newsweek/ that it
was “considering forming hit squads of Kurdish and Shia fighters to
target leaders of the Iraqi insurgency in a strategic shift borrowed
from the American struggle against left-wing guerrillas in Central
America 20 years ago”. (El Salvador-style ‘death squads’ to be deployed
by US against Iraq militants – Times Online
<http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article410491.ece>,
January 10, 2005)*
***John Negroponte and Robert S. Ford at the US Embassy worked closely
together on the Pentagon’s project. Two other embassy officials, namely
Henry Ensher (Ford’s Deputy) and a younger official in the political
section, Jeffrey Beals, played an important role in the team “talking to
a range of Iraqis, including extremists”. (See /The New Yorker/, March
26, 2007). Another key individual in Negroponte’s team was James
Franklin Jeffrey, America’s ambassador to Albania (2002-2004). Jeffrey
is currently the US Ambassador to Iraq.*
***Negroponte also brought into the team one of his former collaborators
Colonel James Steele (ret) from his Honduras heyday:*
**
*Under the “Salvador Option,” “Negroponte had assistance from his
colleague from his days in Central America during the 1980′s, Ret.
Col James Steele. Steele, whose title in Baghdad was Counselor for
Iraqi Security Forces supervised the selection and training of
members of the Badr Organization and Mehdi Army, the two largest
Shi’ite militias in Iraq, in order to target the leadership and
support networks of a primarily Sunni resistance. Planned or not,
these death squads promptly spiralled out of control to become the
leading cause of death in Iraq.*
*Intentional or not, the scores of tortured, mutilated bodies which
turn up on the streets of Baghdad each day are generated by the
death squads whose impetus was John Negroponte. And it is this
U.S.-backed sectarian violence which largely led to the
hell-disaster that Iraq is today. (Dahr Jamail, Managing Escalation:
Negroponte and Bush’s New Iraq Team,
<http://antiwar.com/jamail/?articleid=10289>. Antiwar.com, January
7, 2007)*
***John Negroponte described Robert Ford while at the embassy in
Baghdad, as “one of these very tireless people … who didn’t mind putting
on his flak jacket and helmet and going out of the Green Zone to meet
contacts.” Robert S. Ford is fluent in both Arabic and Turkish. He was
dispatched by Negroponte to undertake strategic contacts:*
**
*[O]ne Pentagon proposal would send Special Forces teams to advise,
support and possibly train Iraqi squads, most likely hand-picked
Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and Shiite militiamen, to target Sunni
insurgents and their sympathizers, even across the border into
Syria, according to military insiders familiar with the discussions.
It remains unclear, however, whether this would be a policy of
assassination or so-called “snatch” operations, in which the targets
are sent to secret facilities for interrogation. The current
thinking is that while U.S. Special Forces would lead operations in,
say, Syria, activities inside Iraq itself would be carried out by
Iraqi paramilitaries. (Newsweek, January 8, 2005, emphasis added)*
***The plan had the support of the US appointed Iraqi government of
Prime Minister Iyad Allawi:*
**
*The Pentagon declined to comment, but one insider told Newsweek:
“What everyone agrees is that we can’t just go on as we are. We have
to find a way to take the offensive against the insurgents. Right
now, we are playing defence. And we are losing.”*
*Hit squads would be controversial and would probably be kept secret. *
*The experience of the so-called “death squads” in Central America
remains raw for many even now and helped to sully the image of the
United States in the region.*
*…. John Negroponte, the US Ambassador in Baghdad, had a front-row
seat at the time as Ambassador to Honduras from 1981-85. *
*Death squads were a brutal feature of Latin American politics of
the time. In Argentina in the 1970s and Guatemala in the 1980s,
soldiers wore uniform by day but used unmarked cars by night to
kidnap and kill those hostile to the regime or their suspected
sympathisers.*
*In the early 1980s President Reagan’s Administration funded and
helped to train Nicaraguan contras based in Honduras with the aim of
ousting Nicaragua’s Sandinista regime. The Contras were equipped
using money from illegal American arms sales to Iran, a scandal that
could have toppled Mr Reagan.*
*It was in El Salvador that the United States trained small units of
local forces specifically to target rebels.*
*The thrust of the Pentagon proposal in Iraq, according to Newsweek,
is to follow that model and direct US special forces teams to
advise, support and train Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and Shia
militiamen to target leaders of the Sunni insurgency. *
*It is unclear whether the main aim of the missions would be to
assassinate the rebels or kidnap them and take them away for
interrogation. Any mission in Syria would probably be undertaken by
US Special Forces.*
*Nor is it clear who would take responsibility for such a programme
— the Pentagon or the Central Intelligence Agency. Such covert
operations have traditionally been run by the CIA at arm’s length
from the administration in power, giving US officials the ability to
deny knowledge of it. (Times Online, op cit, emphasis added)*
***Under Negroponte’s helm at the US Embassy in Baghdad, a wave of
covert civilian killings and targeted assassinations was unleashed.
Engineers, medical doctors, scientists and intellectuals were also
targeted. The objective was to create factional divisions between Sunni,
Shiite, Kurds and Christians, as well as weed out civilian support for
the Iraqi resistance. The Christian community was one of the main
targets of the assassination program.*
***The Pentagon’s objective also consisted in training an Iraqi Army,
Police and Security Forces, which would carry out a homegrown
“counterinsurgency” program (unofficially) on behalf of the U.S.*
***Operation “Syrian Contras”: Learning from the Iraqi Experience*
***The gruesome Iraqi version of the “Salvador Option” under the helm of
Ambassador John Negroponte has served as a “role model” for setting up
the “Free Syrian Army” Contras. Robert Stephen Ford was, no doubt,
involved in the implementation of the Syrian Contras project, following
his reassignment to Baghdad as Deputy Head of Mission in 2008.*
***The objective in Syria was to create factional divisions between
Sunni, Alawite, Shiite, Kurds, Druze and Christians. While the Syrian
context is entirely different to that of Iraq, there are striking
similarities with regard to the procedures whereby the killings and
atrocities were conducted.*
***A report published by /Der Spiegel/ pertaining to atrocities
committed in the Syrian city of Homs confirms an organized sectarian
process of mass-murder and extra-judicial killings comparable to that
conducted by the US sponsored death squads in Iraq.*
***People in Homs were routinely categorized as “prisoners” (Shia,
Alawite) and “traitors”. The “traitors” are Sunni civilians within the
rebel occupied urban area, who express their disagreement or opposition
to the rule of terror of the Free Syrian Army (FSA):*
**
*“Since last summer [2011], we have executed slightly fewer than 150
men, which represents about 20 percent of our prisoners,” says Abu
Rami. … But the executioners of Homs have been busier with traitors
within their own ranks than with prisoners of war. “If we catch a
Sunni spying, or if a citizen betrays the revolution, we make it
quick,” says the fighter. According to Abu Rami, Hussein’s burial
brigade has put between 200 and 250 traitors to death since the
beginning of the uprising.” (Der Spiegel,
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/syria-atrocities-committed-by-us-nato-sponsored-opposition-executioner-for-syria-s-rebels-tells-his-story/30072>March
30, 2012)*
***In early July [2011], US Ambassador Robert Ford travelled to Hama and
had meetings with members of the “protest movement” (Low-key U.S.
diplomat transforms Syria policy – The Washington Post
<http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/low-key-us-diplomat-transforms-syria-policy/2011/07/12/gIQAc5kSBI_story.html>,
July 12, 2011). Reports confirm that Robert Ford had numerous contacts
with opposition groups both before and after his July trip to Hama. In a
recent statement (August 4), he confirmed that the embassy will continue
“reaching out” to opposition groups in defiance of the Syrian authorities.*
***The project required an initial program of recruitment and training
of mercenaries. Death squads including Lebanese and Jordanian Salafist
units entered Syria’s southern border with Jordan in mid-March 2011.
Much of the groundwork was already in place prior to Robert Stephen
Ford’s arrival in Damascus in January 2011.*
****
***Ambassador Ford in Hama in early July 2011*
***Ford’s appointment as Ambassador to Syria was announced in early
2010. Diplomatic relations had been cut in 2005 following the Rafick
Hariri assassination, which Washington blamed on Syria. Ford arrived in
Damascus barely two months before the onset of the insurgency.*
***Behind Closed Doors at the US State Department*
***Robert Stephen Ford was part of a small team at the US State
Department team which oversaw the recruitment and training of terrorist
brigades, together with Derek Chollet and Frederic C. Hof, a former
business partner of Richard Armitage, who served as Washington’s
“special coordinator on Syria”. Derek Chollet has recently been
appointed to the position of Assistant Secretary of Defense for
International Security Affairs (ISA).*
***This team operated under the helm of (former) Assistant Secretary of
State for Near Eastern Affairs Jeffrey Feltman.*
***Feltman’s team was in close liaison with the process of recruitment
and training of mercenaries out of Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Libya
(courtesy of the post-Gaddafi regime, which dispatched six hundred Libya
Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) troops to Syria
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/report-new-libyan-regime-sends-600-troops-to-fight-in-syria/27946>,
via Turkey in the months following the September 2011 collapse of the
Gaddafi government).*
***Assistant Secretary of State Feltman was in contact with Saudi
Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal, and Qatari Foreign Minister
Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim. He was also in charge of a Doha-based office
for “special security coordination” pertaining to Syria, which included
representatives from Western and GCC intelligence agencies well as a
representative from Libya. Prince Bandar bin Sultan. a prominent and
controversial member of Saudi intelligence was part of this group. (See
Press Tv, <http://www.presstv.ir/detail/241358.html>May 12, 2012).*
***In June 2012, Jeffrey Feltman (image: Left) was appointed UN
Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, a strategic position
which, in practice, consists in setting the UN agenda (on behalf of
Washington) on issues pertaining to “Conflict Resolution” in various
“political hot spots” around the world (including Somalia, Lebanon,
Libya, Syria, Yemen and Mali). In a bitter irony, the countries for UN
“conflict resolution” are those which are the target of US covert
operations.*
***In liaison with the US State Department, NATO and his GCC handlers in
Doha and Riyadh, Feltman is Washington’s man behind UN special envoy
Lakhdar Brahmi’s “Peace Proposal”.*
***Meanwhile, while paying lip service to the UN Peace initiative, the
US and NATO have speeded up the process of recruitment and training of
mercenaries in response to the heavy casualties incurred by “opposition”
rebel forces.*
***The US proposed “end game” in Syria is not regime change, but the
destruction of Syria as a Nation State.*
***The deployment of “opposition” death squads with a mandate to kill
civilians is part of this criminal undertaking.*
***The Free Syrian Army (FSA)*
***[syriafree army]
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/syriafree-army1.jpg>Washington
and its allies replicated in Syria the essential features of the “Iraq
Salvador Option”, leading to the creation of the Free Syrian Army (FSA)
and its various terrorist factions including the Al Qaeda affiliated Al
Nusra brigades.*
***While the creation of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) was announced in
June 2011, the recruitment and training of foreign mercenaries was
initiated at a much an earlier period.*
***In many regards, the Free Syrian Army is a smokescreen. It is upheld
by the Western media as a /bona fide/ military entity established as a
result of mass defections from government forces. The number of
defectors, however, was neither significant nor sufficient to establish
a coherent military structure with command and control functions.*
***The FSA is not a professional military entity, rather it is a loose
network of separate terrorist brigades, which in turn are made up of
numerous paramilitary cells operating in different parts of the country.*
***Each of these terrorist organizations operates independently. The FSA
does not effectively exercise command and control functions including
liaison with these diverse paramilitary entities. The latter are
controlled by US-NATO sponsored special forces and intelligence
operatives which are embedded within the ranks of selected terrorist
formations.*
***These (highly trained) Special forces on the ground (many of whom are
employees of private security companies) are routinely in contact with
US-NATO and allied military/intelligence command units (including
Turkey). These embedded Special Forces are, no doubt, also involved in
the carefully planned bomb attacks directed against government
buildings, military compounds, etc.*
***The death squads are mercenaries trained and recruited by the US,
NATO, its Persian Gulf GCC allies as well as Turkey. They are overseen
by allied special forces (including British SAS and French
Parachutistes), and private security companies on contract to NATO and
the Pentagon. In this regard, reports confirm the arrest by the Syrian
government of some 200-300 private security company employees
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/breaking-private-security-companies-in-syria-supporting-rebels-foreign-mercenaries-detained/31509>who
had integrated rebel ranks.*
***The Jabhat Al Nusra Front *
***The Al Nusra Front –which is said to be affiliated to Al Qaeda– is
described as the most effective “opposition” rebel fighting group,
responsible for several of the high profile bomb attacks. Portrayed as
an enemy of America (on the State Department list of terrorist
organizations), Al Nusra operations, nonetheless, bear the fingerprints
of US paramilitary training, terror tactics and weapons systems. The
atrocities committed against civilians by Al Nusra (funded covertly by
US-NATO) are similar to those undertaken by the US sponsored death
squads in Iraq.*
***In the words ofAl Nusra leader Abu Adnan in Aleppo
<http://world.time.com/2012/12/25/interview-with-a-newly-designated-syrias-jabhat-al-nusra/>:
“Jabhat al-Nusra does count Syrian veterans of the Iraq war among its
numbers, men who bring expertise — especially the manufacture of
improvised explosive devices (IEDs) — to the front in Syria.”*
***As in Iraq, factional violence and ethnic cleansing were actively
promoted. In Syria, the Alawite, Shiite and Christian communities have
been the target of the US-NATO sponsored death squads. The Alawite and
the Christian community are the main targets of the assassination
program. Confirmed by the Vatican News Service:*
**
*Christians in Aleppo are victims of death and destruction due to
the fighting which for months, has been affecting the city. The
Christian neighborhoods, in recent times, have been hit by rebel
forces fighting against the regular army and this has caused an
exodus of civilians.*
*Some groups in the rugged opposition, where there are also
jiahadist groups, “fire on Christian houses and buildings, to force
occupants to escape and then take possession [ethnic cleansing]
(Agenzia Fides. Vatican News, October 19, 2012)*
*“The Sunni Salafist militants – says the Bishop – continue to
commit crimes against civilians, or to recruit fighters with force.
The fanatical Sunni extremists are fighting a holy war proudly,
especially against the Alawites. When terrorists seek to control the
religious identity of a suspect, they ask him to cite the
genealogies dating back to Moses. And they ask to recite a prayer
that the Alawites removed. The Alawites have no chance to get out
alive.” (Agenzia Fides 04/06/2012)*
***Reports confirm the influx of Salafist and Al Qaeda affiliated death
squads as well as brigades under the auspices of the Muslim Brotherhood
into Syria from the inception of the insurgency in March 2011.*
***Moreover, reminiscent of the enlistment of the Mujahideen to wage
the CIA’s jihad (holy war) in the heyday of the Soviet-Afghan war, NATO
and the Turkish High command, according to Israeli intelligence sources,
had initiated”*
**
*“a campaign to enlist thousands of Muslim volunteers in Middle East
countries and the Muslim world to fight alongside the Syrian rebels.
The Turkish army would house these volunteers, train them and secure
their passage into Syria. (DEBKAfile,
<http://www.debka.com/article/21207>NATO to give rebels anti-tank
weapons, August 14, 2011).*
***Private Security Companies and the Recruitment of Mercenaries*
***According to reports, private security companies operating out of
Gulf States are involved in the recruiting and training of mercenaries.*
***Although not specifically earmarked for the recruitment of
mercenaries directed against Syria, reports point to the creation of
training camps in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).*
***In Zayed Military City (UAE), “a secret army is in the making”
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/a-secret-army-of-mercenaries-for-the-middle-east-and-north-africa/24952>operated
by Xe Services, formerly Blackwater. The UAE deal to establish a
military camp for the training of mercenaries was signed in July 2010,
nine months before the onslaught of the wars in Libya and Syria.*
***In recent developments, security companies on contract to NATO and
the Pentagon are involved in training “opposition” death squads in the
use of chemical weapons:*
**
*“The United States and some European allies are using defense
contractors to train Syrian rebels on how to secure chemical weapons
stockpiles in Syria, a senior U.S. official and several senior
diplomats told CNN Sunday. (CNN Report,
<http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/09/sources-defense-contractors-training-syrian-rebels-in-chemical-weapons/?hpt=hp_t3>December
9, 2012)*
***The names of the companies involved were not revealed.*
***While conditions in Syria are markedly different to those in Iraq,
Robert S. Ford’s stint as “Number Two Man” at the US Embassy in Baghdad
has a direct bearing on the nature of his activities in Syria including
his contacts with opposition groups.*
*May The Force be with you,
Bill
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