[Peace-discuss] zionism watch

[Susan Parenti]

> Thanks, David. My friend and colleague Patch Adams will be talking at 
> Columbia tomorrow, and I'm sending him this article so that he can 
> bring it up. It's effective when someone, who is a kind of celebrity 
> in one field(Patch, in the field of health care and humor) brings up 
> things he knows about another field(racist zionism at Columbia)---it 
> gives people the feeling that what is happening in their back yard is 
> known all over the world. Good. Zionism watch.
>
> Patch and I just finished 'working' (being guest presenters) on a 2 
> week 'luxury cruise'  which went from Buenos Aeres to Valpariso Chile. 
> There were 3,000 people on the ship. At our first lecture(very well 
> attended) Patch listed the places where we've brought clown 
> groups----south africa, cambodia, mexico, china, korea, rumania, 
> serbia, israel, palestine. That's all we said about Palestine. But 
> that simple list enraged some people. People came up to him/me and 
> asked, 'But where is Palestine? There is no such place!'
>
> When people from other countries ask how Americans could have the 
> government we have, I tell them that it's not only from 
> ignorance/innocence on the part of the American people, it's that we 
> have a media/government/business which is working day and night to 
> keep us ignorant and innocence. So the 'ig' and 'in' (ignorance and 
> innocence) are not there by default mechanisms, but are intended 
> consequences.
>
>
> On Mar 6, 2005, at 10:57 AM, David Green wrote:
>
>> ZNet | Israel/Palestine
>>
>> Racists Feel “Intimidated”
>> Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing at Columbia
>>
>> by M. Junaid Alam; March 06, 2005
>>
>> Political language
>> is designed to make lies sound
>> truthful and murder respectable, and to give an
>> appearance of solidity to pure wind. -Orwell
>>
>>
>> Rape, massacre, theft, torture, ethnic cleansing:
>> these are not crimes which nations can defend with
>> ease - especially when unearthed by their own
>> historians. Israel recently faced this most troubling
>> predicament. Combing through declassified state
>> archives, Israeli scholars of the past twenty years
>> have discovered their nation was founded upon the mass
>> expulsion and deliberate destruction of the native
>> Palestinian people. (1) Israel, it turned out, was far
>> more Goliath than David. Since this presented somewhat
>> of a public relations problem for a state still
>> engaged in brutalizing Palestinians and stealing their
>> land, a new self-justifying rationale needed to be
>> authored.
>>
>> Enter the “new anti-Semitism.” This doctrine turns
>> reality on its head, declaring criticism of Israel’s
>> racist behavior to be itself racist – “anti-Semitic.”
>> Empathy for Palestinians being beaten, bullied, and
>> bulldozed out of existence, the doctrine goes, is
>> nothing but some disguised expression of Jew-hatred.
>> Goose-stepping Germans and uprooted Palestinians are
>> portrayed as part of the same unbroken line of
>> anti-Semitism, even though those inhabiting
>> concentration camps today – “the largest ever to
>> exist,” says Israeli historian Baruch Kimmerling - are
>> the Palestinians themselves. (2) But no matter.
>> Abusing the memory of Holocaust victims to shut down
>> criticism of Israeli crimes – crimes unearthed mostly
>> by Jewish historians - may be obscene, but it is also
>> effective.
>>
>> Wielding this new ideological weapon, Israel’s
>> champions aim to cut down pro-Palestinian voices
>> inside America with the same ruthlessness Israeli
>> soldiers employ to shoot up Palestinian children
>> outside their homes. (3) The latest targets in this
>> well-organized hit are Arab-American professors at
>> Columbia University who teach Middle Eastern studies.
>> The targets have been judiciously selected. Since
>> these particular professors are Arab in an age when
>> bombing and torturing Arabs has virtually become a
>> national sport, they make for easy prey; and since
>> they have added to their original sin of being Arab
>> the even graver sin of speaking the truth about
>> Israel’s past – no less in a country which subsidizes
>> Israel’s existence - they also make for necessary
>> prey.
>>
>> In full accordance with “new anti-Semitism” modus
>> operandi, the attacks paint the professors themselves
>> as the attackers. With Orwellian brushstrokes, they
>> are rendered as demons bent on “intimidating” Jewish
>> students at the university. This much is to be
>> expected. Less expected, however, is the almost
>> embarrassing shoddiness of the trumped-up production.
>> The wild charges made against the professors are so
>> poorly substantiated and the political motives of the
>> accusers so painfully transparent, one almost forgets
>> that America’s well-financed pro-Israel network has
>> extensive experience in smearing its opponents. (4)
>>
>> Curiously, the charges of “silencing” and
>> “intimidation” first made waves when it was learned
>> that the accusing students made their case on camera.
>> They appeared in a short film, titled “Columbia
>> Unbecoming”, produced by a Boston-based group called
>> the David Project. At this point it is both necessary
>> and prudent to ask: what is the “David Project”?
>>
>> At its website, the organization describes itself as
>> “a grassroots initiative that promotes a fair and
>> honest understanding of the Middle East conflict.” A
>> noble enough endeavor, no doubt. But a few lines
>> later, we come to this: “We train people to be
>> pro-active in their Israel advocacy
>> ” Another page
>> offers – for a fee, of course – an intense three-hour
>> ideological session titled “Making the Case for
>> Israel.” Searching for a “Making the Case for
>> Palestine” program yields no results. Similarly, a
>> look at the speaker’s roster reveals many pro-Israeli
>> speakers, but not a single pro-Palestinian. Perhaps
>> most revealing is the text prefacing their speaker
>> section: “For more information on how to bring our
>> speakers to your synagogue, school, church, or
>> community center, please call
>> ” (5) Apparently
>> churches and synagogues are welcome, but mosques need
>> not apply. One wonders why.
>>
>> The site then goes on to describe what it considers to
>> be a “fair and honest position”: “The essence of the
>> Middle East conflict is about Jewish existence and
>> self-determination in the face of a hostile Arab world
>> and radical Islamists.” (6) Israel’s own recent
>> historians take a rather different view. Commenting on
>> the founding of Israel, Senior Lecturer of Military
>> History in the IDF Aryeh Yitzhaki says, “
>> a generation
>> has passed, and it is now possible to face the ocean
>> of lies in which we were brought up. In almost every
>> conquered village in the War of Independence, acts
>> were committed, which are defined as war crimes, such
>> as indiscriminate killings, massacres and rapes.” (7)
>> Describing Zionism – the founding ideology of Israel –
>> another Israeli historian, Tom Segev, writes:
>> “'Disappearing' the Arabs lay at the heart of the
>> Zionist dream, and was also a necessary condition of
>> its existence
>> . With few exceptions, none of the
>> Zionists disputed the desirability of forced transfer
>> - or its morality.” (8)
>>
>> Committing war crimes and disappearing people from
>> their homes doesn’t quite square well with pious
>> rhetoric about “self-determination.” But the folks at
>> the David Project are free to cling to their
>> pro-Israel political line. That they do so while
>> pretending to be some kind of impartial educational
>> group, however, speaks volumes. So much for “fairness”
>> - and, even more so, “honesty.”
>>
>> Given the clear ideological orientation of the David
>> Project, one is forced to ask the obvious: why would
>> students claiming to be “intimidated” and “silenced”
>> by their professors bypass all university channels,
>> and rush headlong into the arms of a political front
>> group? Looking at the film itself provides us some
>> answers.
>>
>> In this half-hour production featuring 14 students,
>> only six present firsthand complaints; standing
>> accused are professors Joseph Massad, George Saliba,
>> and Hamid Dabashi. Complaints range from random
>> flyering incidents having nothing to do with
>> professors, to general ideological disagreements with
>> what professors have written, to statements they
>> allegedly made in person. No evidence is presented for
>> any of the charges.
>>
>> Columbia student Adam Sacarny wrote in the school’s
>> newspaper upon seeing the film: “Much like the
>> electoral campaigns, it uses talking points in place
>> of pesky verifiable facts,” adding, “The film’s case
>> is so shoddy that I fail to see how any critical
>> viewer could leave the theater convinced that [the
>> department] has violated academic integrity
>> standards.” (9) Even the generally sympathetic Israeli
>> daily Haaretz admits, “The movie fuses few solid
>> examples of intimidation – only some of which involved
>> professors and the students they were teaching – with
>> generalized complaints of anti-Israel and anti-Semitic
>> statements and behavior on campus.” (10) And despite
>> these students’ claims of being “silenced,”
>> “intimidated,” and “denied”(their own words), not one
>> of them say their grades were affected. (11)
>>
>> Quite “coincidentally,” the main target of the film is
>> the untenured professor, Joseph Massad. He is accused
>> of making outlandish comments and exhibiting an
>> extreme intolerance toward pro-Israeli views in class.
>> Yet only one of the students in the film has even
>> taken a course with the professor. Moreover, precisely
>> none of them even majored in the “offending”
>> department of Middle East and Asian Languages and
>> Cultures. (12) But rest assured. The complaining
>> students have other “qualifications.”
>>
>> One student shuttles back and forth from America to
>> Israel to explain how to adjust the prefatory sales
>> pitch for the film depending on the audience. (13)
>> Another served in the Israeli military, which,
>> according to events personally witnessed by former New
>> York Times Middle East Bureau chief Chris Hedges,
>> “entice[s] children like mice into a trap and
>> murder[s] them for sport,” and which also, according
>> to a CIA study, acquires “data for use in silencing
>> anti-Israel factions in the West” and engages in
>> “sabotage, paramilitary and psychological warfare
>> projects, such as character assassination and black
>> propaganda.” (14) Another complaining student who was
>> a lead organizer for the film, Ariel Beery, boasts an
>> impressive resume: he served as a spokesman for the
>> Israeli military, is the head of the on-campus Zionist
>> group, and is also an agent and informer for Daniel
>> Pipes’ notorious CampusWatch.org website, where
>> students are encouraged to “report” their professors’
>> political views if they are deemed insufficiently
>> servile to the conservative party line. (15)
>>
>> But this is not all. None of the targeted professors
>> were even allowed a chance to rebut the charges on the
>> film. The reason for this, according to David Project
>> head Ralph Avi Goldwasser, in comments given to the
>> Israeli daily The Jerusalem Post, is that “the film
>> wasn't meant to be a documentary; it was merely an
>> effort to collect students' testimony about classroom
>> incidents.” Unsurprisingly, the David Project is
>> simply being dishonest (again), since it turns out
>> that they deliberately ignored the voices of Jewish
>> and non-Jewish students who found such “incidents” to
>> be fabricated and had no problems with the targeted
>> professors. Eric Posner, who describes himself as “a
>> Jew, an Israeli, a Jerusalemite, and an American,”
>> reports that “I was approached last year by Ariel
>> Beery who wanted to hear my opinion about MEALAC and
>> Massad, whose class I was enrolled in at the time.
>> When I expressed my profound appreciation for Massad’s
>> critical approach and the multiplicity of perspectives
>> that he offers in his classroom, Beery told me that he
>> wouldn’t be calling me back for a taped interview.”
>> (16)
>>
>> Posner also took it upon himself to gather some highly
>> illuminating statements from other students who took
>> Professor Massad’s classes. Below are four:
>>
>> “Several individuals who audited this class regularly
>> attempted to disturb the progress of the class. During
>> these disturbances, the auditors often attempted to
>> dominate the class discussion with personal statements
>> unrelated or extremely loosely related to the course
>> material. They were regularly unprepared for the
>> classroom discussion, not having completed the
>> required reading, and for the most part were largely
>> ignorant of the class’ subject matter. It was fairly
>> obvious that these individuals had registered for the
>> course for the sole purpose of disrupting the progress
>> of the class. To my amazement, [Massad] allowed each
>> and every student in the class an opportunity to
>> speak, regardless of their familiarity with the class
>> subject matter and required course material.”
>>
>> -John Taplett
>>
>> “I am Jewish. I am not a Zionist. Joseph Massad is a
>> man who understands the distinction and does not
>> attempt to conflate the two around a vague connection
>> with Israel. Knowing that he is being accused of
>> anti-Semitism is not only a slap in HIS face, it is a
>> slap in the face of every Jew who understands a legacy
>> of oppression and chooses not to become an oppressor.”
>>
>>
>> -Maura Finkelstein
>>
>> “On the question of religion, he was openly critical
>> of all religions including Islam – his anti-Israeli
>> opinions could not reasonably have been construed as
>> anti-Semitic. Similarly, while being critical of
>> Israeli policy, he did not hesitate to offer critical
>> opinions of Yasser Arafat. In general, he maintained a
>> tone of critical scholarly inquiry.”
>>
>> -Hitesh Manglani
>>
>> “As for academic discrimination, I am a Jew who wrote
>> a term paper criticizing Palestinian nationalism for
>> its foundation in support for violence, and despite
>> Massad’s supposed bias, he gave me an A.”
>>
>> - Benjamin Wheeler (17)
>>
>>
>> By now the general picture is quite clear. An
>> ideologically motivated clique of Zionist students,
>> possessing no actual evidence of “intimidation” but
>> infuriated upon hearing their fairy-tale version of
>> Israeli history dismantled, teamed up with a
>> pro-Israel political front group masquerading as
>> educators to smear a few Arab professors as
>> “anti-Semites” - conveniently excluding the opinion of
>> those “Semites” who fully support their teachers and
>> actually took classes with them.
>>
>> More damning than the poverty and hollowness of the
>> film, however, is the fact that it was even produced.
>> After all, what kind of “victimized” students are able
>> to summon to their command the financial and technical
>> resources of something like the David Project?
>> Moreover, how do such “victims” procure for themselves
>> a $3 million dollar building on campus, a privilege no
>> other Columbia group enjoys? (18) Claims to
>> victimization – a central feature in the
>> reverse-reality trick known as “the new anti-Semitism”
>> - are also completely discredited by the fact that
>> viciously right-wing tabloids in New York, the Sun and
>> the Daily News, have joined in on the attack against
>> the professors, castigating them as “firebrands” and
>> demanding they be fired. Prominent New York City
>> politicians have also demanded that the professors be
>> “investigated” if not fired outright. (19) Truly
>> remarkable is the “victim” so well-endowed in assets
>> and allies.
>>
>> I do not mean to suggest, however, that these Zionist
>> students have no understanding of intimidation or
>> persecution - far from it. Indeed, they well know of a
>> place where people are intimidated in extreme ways,
>> often “ordered to urinate and execrate on one other,”
>> “beaten and ordered to crawl around;” a place where
>> children are forced to clean their masters’ latrines
>> and are then taken into rooms to be beaten senseless,
>> until “they cannot stand up”; where passengers are
>> pulled from cars and then “beaten with rifle butts and
>> helmets”; where pregnant women are prevented from
>> reaching hospitals; where the masters refer to the
>> slaves as a “cancer” requiring “chemotherapy” or
>> “amputation” – where in essence, people are treated
>> far worse than anything these students claim to have
>> undergone. (20)
>>
>> The “where” is occupied Palestine, the people being
>> brutalized are Palestinians, and those doing the
>> brutalizing are Zionists. Here is where millions of
>> natives suffer under military occupation imposed by
>> Israeli soldiers - at least 20% of whom “join the army
>> with the preconception that Arab lives are worth less
>> than Jewish lives, ” according to Israeli Major
>> General Elazar Stern. (21) Here is where unarmed 13
>> year-old girls can be shot twice “from close range at
>> [the] head” and then “sprayed with automatic gunfire”
>> afterwards without penalty. (22) Here is where real,
>> actual, tangible “intimidation” and “silencing” takes
>> place. And here is where our whining Zionists at
>> Columbia could go and learn an object lesson in what
>> intimidation is all about – if only they were not
>> preoccupied with endorsing it.
>>
>> It is a resounding indictment of the intellectual and
>> moral poverty of our times that those who support
>> murder, torture, brutality, and racism - while
>> lounging around in plush multi-million dollar offices
>> on an Ivy League campus and starring in
>> pseudo-documentaries, no less - are considered the
>> victims, those speaking on behalf of the suffering are
>> considered criminals, and those actually suffering
>> from the real atrocities taking place are not
>> considered at all.
>>
>> For those concerned with justice, the course of action
>> could not be clearer. Now is a time not for
>> interminable hesitance, but immediate resistance. The
>> extraordinary level of arrogance, cruelty, and hate
>> embodied by the forces promoting this and numerous
>> other right-wing witch-hunts cannot be allowed to
>> prowl about unchecked. For this is merely an extension
>> of the war of bombs and bullets being waged upon the
>> Arabs abroad; it is an attempt to Guantanomize our
>> minds, Abu Ghraib our hearts, and Fallujah our souls -
>> to remove from us every last trace of what is the best
>> in each of us: the instinct to side with the weak and
>> aid the oppressed.
>>
>> To resist this colonization of our compassion, to
>> re-cultivate our resistance against those who believe
>> in the “compassion” of colonization – these are the
>> pressing demands of the hour. How vigorously we
>> respond to these demands will determine whether those
>> bruised, beaten children of Palestine will ultimately
>> receive some respite from their inhumane condition, or
>> instead find themselves further abused by the silent
>> whip of indifference. In their eyes we will read
>> either the redemption or indictment of the moral
>> standing of our own country.
>>
>> M. Junaid Alam, 22, is co-editor of the radical youth
>> journal Left Hook (http://www.lefthook.org ), and a
>> student at Northeastern University. He can be reached
>> at alam at lefthook.org .
>>
>> Left Hook endorses the Week of Campus Resistance in
>> response to the second anniversary of the invasion of
>> Iraq. To learn more or to participate, visit
>> www.tools4Change.org/wcr
>>
>>
>> Notes
>>
>>
>> 1. The Israeli historians who have gone through some
>> of the state’s massive archives of the pre-war and war
>> period of 1947-9 sometimes refer to themselves as ‘new
>> historians.’ They include Simha Flapan, Benny Morris,
>> Avi Shlaim, Tanya Reinhart, Ilan Pappe, and many
>> others. I would recommended as an introduction The War
>> for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948, edited
>> by Eugene L. Rogan and Avi Shlaim, which contains a
>> number of ‘new historian’ essays. 2.
>>
>> 3. Kimmerling is cited by American Jewish historian
>> Norman G. Finkelstein in the Postscript to the German
>> edition of his book, The Rise and Fall of Palestine.
>> (http://www.normanfinkelstein.com/article.php?pg=4&ar=8)
>> In the preface to Kimmerling’s own 2003 book,
>> Politicide, which argues that Israel is trying to
>> exterminate the Palestinians as a political entity, he
>> says his country is experiencing a “recent drift
>> towards fascism.” (p. 7) 4.
>>
>> 5. For an account of Israel’s pattern of shooting
>> Palestinian children, see the article “Killing
>> children is no longer a big deal,” by Gideon Levy, in
>> the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, October 17, 2004. 6.
>>
>> 7. For an account of the treatment meted out to those
>> who defy the Israeli line in the U.S. by America’s
>> pro-Israeli lobby, see They Dare to Speak Out: People
>> and Institutions Confront Israel’s Lobby, by Paul
>> Findley, who served as congressman of Illinois for
>> over two decades. 8.
>>
>> 9. The David Project website is located at
>> http://www.davidproject.org. See the “Training” and
>> “Speakers” pages. 10.
>>
>> 11. See note 5, the website’s front-page box titled
>> “Understanding the conflict.” 12.
>>
>> 13. Yitzhaki is cited in the Israeli paper, Ha’ir, by
>> Guy Erlich in his May 6, 1992 article, “Not Only Deir
>> Yassin.” Deir Yassin was an Arab village whose
>> inhabitants were massacred by Zionist militia in 1948.
>> 14.
>>
>> 15. Tom Segev, One Palestine, Complete, pp.404-5; cf.
>> pp. 403, 406-7, 508 – as cited in the matchless
>> synopsis of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, by
>> Norman G. Finkelstein, titled “An Introduction to the
>> Israel-Palestine Conflict.”
>> (http://normanfinkelstein.com/article.php?pg=4&ar=10)
>> 16.
>>
>> 17. “Shedding light on MEALAC,” by Adam Sacarny,
>> November 12, 2004, Columbia Spectator. 18.
>>
>> 19. “The ‘Silent Jews’ speak out,” by Shoshana
>> Kordova, Haaretz, February 9, 2005. 20.
>>
>> 21. About grades not being affected, see:
>> “Non-academic debate,” by Uriel Heilman, The Jerusalem
>> Post, December 23, 2004 (updated December 29, 2004).
>> 22.
>>
>> 23. Only one student actually had Massad for class –
>> see “CAN Fights Zionist Smear Campaign at Columbia
>> Univ.,” by Suzie Schwartz, a Columbia student, Left
>> Hook, December 17, 2004.
>> (http://lefthook.org/Ground/Schwartz121704.html); and
>> none majored in the department – see Eric Posner, as
>> quoted in Independent Press Association (IPA-NY), “The
>> Arab answer to the Columbia University question,” by
>> Amal Hageb.
>> (http://www.indypressny.org/article.php3?ArticleID=1834)
>> 24.
>>
>> 25. See note 10. 26.
>>
>> 27. Chris Hedge’s A Gaza Diary, published in Harper’s,
>> October 2001; CIA study is titled “Israel: Foreign
>> Intelligence and Security Services,” reprinted in
>> Counterspy, May-June 1982 – as cited in Noam Chomsky’s
>> A Fateful Triangle Updated Edition, 1999, cited on
>> page 11, sourced on page 33, as note 9; one of the
>> accusers in the film was Tomy Schoenfeld - “a student
>> who had served in the Israeli army” – according to
>> “Mideast Tensions are Getting Personal on Campus at
>> Columbia,” by N. R. Kleinfield, The New York Times,
>> January 18, 2005. 28.
>>
>> 29. Ariel Beery proudly advertises himself at his
>> personal website, http://www.arielbeery.com, where it
>> is written, “He finished his service in the IDF
>> Spokesperson’s Unit where he wrote and translated
>> information packets
>> ” on this specific page:
>> http://www.arielbeery.com/Ariel.html; a host of his
>> “documents” submitted to Campus Watch are kindly made
>> available at the website:
>> http://www.campus-watch.org/docs/author/Ariel+Beery
>> 30.
>>
>> 31. As quoted in IPA piece cited in note 12. 32.
>>
>> 33. All quoted in IPA piece cited in note 12. 34.
>>
>> 35. This is a reference to the Kraft Center -
>> “Understanding the Attacks on Pro-Palestinian
>> Professors at Columbia,” by Jonah Birch, a Columbia
>> Student, Left Hook, January 28, 2005.
>> (http://lefthook.org/Ground/Birch012805.html) 36.
>>
>> 37. Congressman Anthony D. Weiner has called for
>> Massad’s firing. The New York City Council and members
>> of the New York City Council have called for an
>> outside investigation against him, egged on of course
>> by the Sun and the Daily News. 38.
>>
>> 39. On urination and execration, beating, and being
>> ordered to crawl around, see “Do not say: ‘We did not
>> know, we did not hear’,” by Aharon Bachar, in Israeli
>> newspaper Yediot Ahronot, December 3, 1982 – as cited
>> in Noam Chomsky’s A Fateful Triangle, cited on page
>> 131, sourced on page 176-7. On being forced to clean
>> latrines and then being beaten in rooms, see “Peace
>> Now officers recount atrocities,” in Israeli newspaper
>> Al Hamishmar, May 11, 1982 - as cited in Noam
>> Chomsky’s A Fateful Triangle, cited on page 132,
>> sourced on page 177; on being beaten with rifle butts
>> and helmets, see “Reports of Torture by Israelis
>> Emerge,” by Lee Hockstader, Washington Post, August
>> 18, 2001; for pregnant women being stalled at Israeli
>> checkpoints, see Israeli human rights group B’TSelem’s
>> website, www.btselem.org, and see note 3; it was
>> Israeli Chief of Staff Moshe Ya’alon who said in an
>> August 30, 2002 interview with Haaretz Friday Magazine
>> that there was a “Palestinian threat” the
>> “characteristics of [which] are invisible, like
>> cancer”; he then goes on to elaborate, “There are all
>> kinds of solutions to cancerous manifestations. Some
>> will say it is necessary to amputate organs. But at
>> the moment, I am applying chemotherapy, yes.” 40.
>>
>> 41. “General: 1 in 5 troops behave badly at
>> roadblocks,” by Gideon Alon, Haaretz, December 6,
>> 2004. 42.
>>
>> 43. “Gaza girl death officer cleared,” BBC News,
>> October 15, 2004. The article notes, “Without
>> revealing their identities, soldiers from the Givati
>> brigade platoon told Israeli television how their
>> officer sprayed Iman al-Hams with automatic gunfire on
>> 5 October
>> ” after having “approached her and fired two
>> bullets from close range at her head.” The army chose
>> not to believe the platoon, and accepted the
>> awe-inspiring explanation of the commander that “he
>> fired into the ground near the girl after coming under
>> fire in a dangerous area.” The BBC adds wryly, “It has
>> not explained why the officer shot into the ground
>> rather than at the source of the fire.” 44.
>>
>>
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