[Peace-discuss] Obama of Kabul spends your money

[C. G. Estabrook]

"Afghans themselves are unenthusiastic about President Obama's plan for more US 
military and civilian involvement in Iraq. And the failure of foreign aid to 
deliver a better life to Afghans also helps explain plummeting support for the 
Kabul government and its Western allies."


	Kabul's new elite live high on West's largesse
	'Gilded cage' lifestyle reveals the ugly truth
	about foreign aid in Afghanistan
	By Patrick Cockburn in Kabul
	Friday, 1 May 2009

Vast sums of money are being lavished by Western aid agencies on their own 
officials in Afghanistan at a time when extreme poverty is driving young Afghans 
to fight for the Taliban. The going rate paid by the Taliban for an attack on a 
police checkpoint in the west of the country is $4, but foreign consultants in 
Kabul, who are paid out of overseas aids budgets, can command salaries of 
$250,000 to $500,000 a year.

The high expenditure on paying, protecting and accommodating Western aid 
officials in palatial style helps to explain why Afghanistan ranks 174th out of 
178th on a UN ranking of countries' wealth. This is despite a vigorous 
international aid effort with the US alone spending $31bn since 2002 up to the 
end of last year.

The high degree of wastage of aid money in Afghanistan has long been an open 
secret. In 2006, Jean Mazurelle, the then country director of the World Bank, 
calculated that between 35 per cent and 40 per cent of aid was "badly spent". 
"The wastage of aid is sky-high," he said. "There is real looting going on, 
mainly by private enterprises. It is a scandal."

The dysfunctional reputation of the US aid effort in Afghanistan is politically 
crucial because Barack Obama, with strong support from Gordon Brown, has 
promised that a "civilian surge" of non-military experts will be sent to 
Afghanistan to strengthen its government and turn the tide against the Taliban. 
These would number up to 600, including agronomists, economists and legal 
experts, though Washington admitted this week that it was having difficulty 
recruiting enough people of the right calibre.

Whole districts of Kabul have already been taken over or rebuilt to accommodate 
Westerners working for aid agencies or embassies. "I have just rented out this 
building for $30,000 a month to an aid organisation," said Torialai Bahadery, 
the director of Property Consulting Afghanistan, which specialises in renting to 
foreigners. "It was so expensive because it has 24 rooms with en-suite bathrooms 
as well as armoured doors and bullet-proof windows," he explained, pointing to a 
picture of a cavernous mansion.

Though 77 per cent of Afghans lack access to clean water, Mr Bahadery said that 
aid agencies and the foreign contractors who work for them insist that every 
bedroom should have an en-suite bathroom and this often doubles the cost of 
accommodation.

In addition to the expensive housing the expatriates in Kabul are invariably 
protected by high-priced security companies and each house is converted into a 
fortress. The freedom of movement of foreigners is very limited. "I am not even 
allowed to go into Kabul's best hotel," complained one woman working for a 
foreign government aid organisation. She added that to travel to a part of 
Afghanistan deemed wholly free of Taliban by Afghans, she had to go by 
helicopter and then be taken to where she wanted to go in an armoured vehicle.

There have been numerous attacks on foreigners in Kabul and suicide bombings 
have been effective from the Taliban's point of view in driving almost all 
expatriates into well-defended compounds where living conditions may be 
luxurious but which are as confining as any prison. This means that many 
foreigners sent to Afghanistan to help rebuild the country and the state 
machinery seldom meet Afghans aside from their drivers and a few Afghans with 
whom they work.

"Risk avoidance is crippling the international aid effort," said one aid expert 
in Kabul. "If governments are so worried about risk then they really should not 
be sending people here and having them work under such restricted conditions."

The effectiveness of foreign advisers and experts in Iraq is often further 
reduced by the very short time they stay in the country. "Many people move on 
after six months," said one expatriate who did not want to be named. "In 
addition some embassy employees receive two weeks off work for every six weeks 
they are in the country, on top of their usual holidays."

Some officials working for non-governmental organisations in Afghanistan are 
themselves troubled by the amount of money which foreign government officials 
and their aid agencies spend on staff compared to the poverty of the Afghan 
government.

"I was in Badakhshan province in northern Afghanistan which has a population of 
830,000, most of whom depend on farming," said Matt Waldman, the head of policy 
and advocacy for Oxfam in Kabul. "The entire budget of the local department of 
agriculture, irrigation and livestock, which is extremely important for farmers 
in Badakhshan, is just $40,000. This would be the pay of an expatriate 
consultant in Kabul for a few months."

Mr Waldman, the author of several highly-detailed papers on the failures of aid 
in Afghanistan, says that a lot of money is put in at the top in Afghanistan but 
it is siphoned off before it reaches ordinary Afghans at the bottom. He agrees 
that the problems faced are horrendous in a country which was always poor and 
has been ruined by 30 years of war. Some 42 per cent of Afghanistan's 25 million 
inhabitants live on less than a dollar a day and life expectancy is only 45 
years. Overall literacy rate is just 34 per cent and 18 per cent for women.

But much of the aid money goes to foreign companies who then subcontract as many 
as five times with each subcontractor in turn looking for between 10 per cent 
and 20 per cent or more profit before any work is done on the project. The 
biggest donor in Afghanistan is the US, whose overseas aid department USAID 
channels nearly half of its aid budget for Afghanistan to five large US contractors.

Examples cited in an Oxfam report include the building of a short road between 
Kabul city centre and the international airport in 2005 which, after the main US 
contractor had subcontracted it to an Afghan company, cost $2.4m a kilometre – 
or four times the average cost of road construction in Afghanistan. Often aid is 
made conditional on spending it in the donor country.

Another consequence of the use of foreign contractors is that construction has 
failed to make the impact on unemployment among young Afghans which is crucial 
if the Taliban is to be defeated. In southern provinces such as Farah, Helmand, 
Uruzgan and Zabul, up to 70 per cent of Taliban fighters are non-ideological 
unemployed young men given a gun before each attack and paid a pittance 
according to a report by the Institute for War and Peace Reporting. By using 
these part-time fighters as cannon-fodder, the Taliban can keep down casualties 
among its own veteran fighters while inflicting losses on government forces.

Some simple and obvious ways of spending money to benefit Afghans have been 
neglected. Will Beharrell of the Turquoise Mountain charity, which is 
encouraging traditional Afghan crafts and reconstruction of part of the old 
city, says tangible and visible improvements are important. He said: "We went in 
for rubbish clearing because it is simple and provides employment. We brought 
the street level down by two metres in some places when we had cleared it away."

A striking feature of Kabul is that while the main roads are paved, the side 
streets are often no more than packed earth with high ridges, deep potholes and 
grey pools of dirty water. New roads have been built between the cities, such as 
Kabul and Kandahar, but these are often too dangerous to use because of mobile 
Taliban checkpoints where anybody connected to the central government is killed 
on the spot.

The international aid programme is particularly important in Afghanistan because 
the government has few other sources of revenue. Donations from foreign 
governments make up 90 per cent of public expenditure. Aid is far more important 
than in Iraq, where the government has oil revenues. In Afghanistan a 
policeman's monthly salary is only $70, which is not enough to live on without 
taking bribes.

Since the fall of the Taliban the Afghan government has been trying to run a 
country in which the physical infrastructure has been destroyed. Kabul is now 
getting electricity from Uzbekistan but 55 per cent of Afghans get no 
electricity at all and just one in 20 get power all day. Money can be 
distributed more swiftly by the US military but this may not undercut the 
political support of the Taliban to the degree expected.

Afghans themselves are unenthusiastic about President Obama's plan for more US 
military and civilian involvement in Iraq. And the failure of foreign aid to 
deliver a better life to Afghans also helps explain plummeting support for the 
Kabul government and its Western allies. Oxfam's Mr Waldman believes 
better-organised aid could still deliver the benefits Afghans hoped for when the 
Taliban were overthrown in 2001, but he warns: "It is getting very late in the 
day to get things right."

Go figure: The West's spending in Afghanistan

$57 The foreign aid per capita to Afghanistan, compared with $580 per capita in 
the aftermath of the Bosnian conflict.

$250,000 Typical salary of foreign consultants in Afghanistan, including 35 per 
cent hardship allowance and 35 per cent danger money. Afghan civil servants 
typically receive less than $1,000 a year.

$22bn The shortfall in donations compared to the international community's 
estimate of Afghanistan's need – around 48 per cent.

40 per cent Share of international aid budget returned to aid countries in 
corporate profit and consultant salaries – more than $6bn since 2001.

$7m Daily aid spend in Afghanistan. The daily military spend by the US 
government is around $100m.

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/kabuls-new-elite-live-high-on-wests-largesse-1677116.html