[Peace-discuss] US' real enemy in SW Asia

[C. G. Estabrook]

[Pakistan - w/ 2/3 the pop of the US, a larger army, & nuclear weapons - is the 
country in the energy-producing region that the US must keep under control. 
It's proving difficult, in part because the US lies about its reasons: it's not 
to "stop terrorism."  --CGE]

	18 July 2010 Last updated at 18:46 ET
	Clinton raises pressure on Pakistan to fight militants
	By Kim Ghattas BBC News, Islamabad

Hillary Clinton is on her second visit to Islamabad as secretary of state

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton worries all the time about the possibility 
that an attack against the US could emanate from Pakistan and has called on 
Islamabad to take further, specific actions against militant networks.

Without entering into the details, she seemed to indicate in a BBC interview 
that the US wanted Pakistan to do more to tackle the Haqqani network, a branch 
of the Afghan Taliban which operates in Pakistan and is widely suspected of 
having close ties to Pakistan's intelligence agency, the ISI.

During the interview at the US embassy compound in Islamabad, Mrs Clinton also 
said the state department was looking into the possibility of listing the 
Haqqani network as a terrorist organisation.

The violent and feared network operates along the border of Pakistan and 
Afghanistan and is seen as the main threat to US and Nato troops in Afghanistan.

"We have designated a number of their leaders over the years as terrorists, and 
we're now looking at whether and how to describe the group and if it meets the 
legal criteria for naming it," she said.

Since the network is a loose grouping and not a formal organisation as such, 
it's unclear how the designation would be made.
Clinton's warning

The idea of listing the Haqqani network as a terrorist organisation was first 
raised by Democratic Senator Carl Levin, the chairman for the Armed Services 
Committee in the Senate.

The New York Times also reported this week that General David Petraeus, the new 
US military commander in Afghanistan, was pushing for top leaders from the 
organisation to be designated as terrorists.

But Mrs Clinton's comments mark the first time that an American official has 
publicly confirmed that the US is considering the move.

It's one that could upset the Pakistanis, who have so far failed to take real 
action against the Haqqani network, and are thought to be keeping the group as 
leverage to increase their influence inside Afghanistan ahead of an eventual 
American withdrawal.

Senator Levin also called on the US to increase drone strikes against the 
Haqqani network.

Mrs Clinton would not be drawn into discussing drone attacks, a policy the US 
does not officially acknowledge. But she repeated that Washington wanted to see 
greater Pakistani activity against "these networks".

She said: "There are still additional steps that we are asking and expecting the 
Pakistanis to take. There is no doubt in anyone's mind that should an attack 
against the United States be traced to be Pakistani it would have a very 
devastating impact on our relationship."
Deep mistrust

But Mrs Clinton said that progress had been made in addressing the trust deficit 
between the two countries.

"All in all we are making progress but I don't want to oversell it, because 
every day I know how much more needs to be done," she said.

"But there is openness and a level of candour that is more helpful in dealing 
with our ongoing challenges."

Mrs Clinton has come to Islamabad, on her second visit as secretary of state, 
armed with $550m (£360m) for water, agricultural and energy projects to chip 
away some more at the deep-seated mistrust of America in Pakistan.

Only 17% of Pakistanis have a positive view of the US, according to a poll last 
month by the Pew Research Center's Global attitudes project.

Pakistan is at the bottom of the list of countries with a favourable opinion of 
the US, along with Turkey and Egypt.
People-to-people diplomacy

The $550m in funding will go to government conducted projects, as well as NGOs 
and the private sector.

The money comes from the Kerry Lugar Berman Bill, which was voted into law last 
year. It allocates $1.5bn a year over five years in aid money to Pakistan.

One of the key areas the US wants to help develop is the energy sector.

There are concerns in the US about accountability and oversight of how the money 
is spent in Pakistan, a country with a reputation for corruption and waste. 
Government offices and the army owe $2bn in unpaid electricity bills to a 
cash-strapped national power company.

Mrs Clinton's special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan, Richard Holbrooke, 
also acknowledged that while interaction with the government was getting better, 
public opinion polls didn't show much of a change.

Mrs Clinton herself faced a hostile public when she was in Pakistan in October.

During two townhall meetings, she fielded tough questions from students, who 
doubted whether the Americans were really their long-term friends.

Mrs Clinton will hold another townhall meeting on Monday - the tone of the 
questions then might be the best indicator of whether her people-to-people 
diplomacy is having any tangible impact in swaying Pakistanis.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-10679383