[Peace-discuss] [Juan Cole] Whom Does Jerusalem Belong To?

Thu May 21 16:00:19 EDT 2015

Subject: 	Re: [ufpj-activist] *****[Juan Cole] Whom Does Jerusalem 
Belong To?
Date: 	Wed, 20 May 2015 22:34:36 -0400
From: 	David McReynolds <davidmcreynolds7 at gmail.com>
To: 	viviane Lerner <vlerner2011 at gmail.com>, ufpj-activist 
<ufpj-activist at lists.mayfirst.org>

On Tue, May 19, 2015 at 4:14 PM, viviane Lerner <vlerner2011 at gmail.com 
<mailto:vlerner2011 at gmail.com>> wrote:

    http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/who_does_jerusalem_belong_to_20150518
    <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.truthdig.com_report_item_who-5Fdoes-5Fjerusalem-5Fbelong-5Fto-5F20150518&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=EqNg-N345FukW_nJJCjO0CpNsaSmYhpgZs4F1dcfhi4&e=>

        Whom Does Jerusalem Belong To?

                Posted on May 18, 2015

    By Juan Cole
    <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.truthdig.com_juan-5Fcole_&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=tx-3mYX9pKqA-FN9ygJmr1BhaoPv4vL6EOM49aJAXWA&e=>

    Shutterstock

    /This post originally ran on Juan Coleâs website
    <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.juancole.com_2015_05_does-2Djerusalem-2Dbelong.html&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=aoxawpepb7Ts6dcy6PYR2zaWcp65rTUEhxABDXGTGBo&e=>./

    Far right Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu commemorated
    Israel's "Jerusalem Day" with a speech
    <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.latimes.com_world_middleeast_la-2Dfg-2Djerusalem-2Dday-2D20150518-2Dstory.html&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=aNANcK83rsYzmOhl773X6ADYvesXyBbQmfFV6hN9asE&e=>
    in which he said, "Jerusalem was always the capital of the Jewish
    people only, and no other," and warned that Muslim terrorism menaced it.

    Jerusalem, Daru Shalem, was founded sometime between 6500 and 5500
    years ago
    <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.juancole.com_2010_03_top-2Dten-2Dreasons-2Deast-2Djerusalem-2Ddoes-2Dnot.html&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=6GyMjA6BfBk0N7FwLq5IhloJT60FQnMPb6y-UdD7TAI&e=>,
    by the proto-Canaanite people long before Judaism existed.  It was
    dedicated to the god of dusk, Shalem.

    The first mention of it was after 2000 BC, again, before Judaism
    existed, in an Egyptian text.

    So I think we may conclude that the City of Shalem the god of dusk
    was probably the capital of a lot of peoples long before there was
    any religion called Judaism.

    Roughly 1500-1200 BC, Jerusalem was ruled from Memphis in Egypt by
    the pharaohs, but the Canaanites remained their proxies.

    Petty Canaanite kings continued to dominate the region after
    Egyptian control lapsed.  Some of them over time gradually adopted
    practices later associated with Judaism, but many other streams of
    Canaanite belief remained.  Probably there were petty tribal
    chieftains named David and Solomon after 1000 BC, but Jerusalem
    appears not to have been populated 1000 to 900 BC. and so they
    didn't have a palace there.

    Whatever the character of the various Canaanite tribal
    confederations in Palestine, including the proto-Israeli, in 900-770
    BC, in the latter year the region fell to the Assyrians.

    In 597 BC the Babylonians conquered Palestine and later transported
    at least some of its population to Babylon.  Likely it was there
    that the Jewish religion became fully elaborated.

    In 539 BC, Babylon falls to the Iranian Achaemenid Empire, which
    emancipates the Jews. The Achaemenids rule most of the civilized
    world, from Egypt to what is now Pakistan. Palestine is ruled by
    Iran for nearly 200 years, until 330, when Alexander defeats the
    Achaemenids.

    The Greek Ptolemaic dynasty held sway over Palestine until 198 BC,
    when the Seleucids conquered it.

    In 168 the Maccabean Revolt established a small Jewish state in the
    area.  Aside from the Israeli clans of the pre-Assyrian period, this
    was the only premodern Jewish state to have Jerusalem as a capital. 
    Even so, they were vassals from 40 BC to the Iranian Parthian
    empire.  Herod became a vassal of the Romans in Palestine in 6 of
    the Common Era (AD).

    Jerusalem was Roman/ Byzantine until 614 CE, when the Iranian
    Sasanid Empire again conquered it.

    In 629 the Byzantines took it back.

    The Muslims conquered Jerusalem in 638 and ruled it until 1099, when
    the Crusaders conquered it it. The Crusaders killed or expelled Jews
    and Muslims from the city.

    The Muslims under Saladin took it back in 1187 CE and allowed Jews
    to return.

    So I think probably Jerusalem was the capital of, like, the Crusader
    Kingdom of Jerusalem. for several decades.

    Muslims then ruled it until the end of World War I, or altogether
    over a millennium.

    So Iran ruled Jerusalem altogether for some 250 years, and the
    Crusaders for about 200 years, and it was the capital of lots of
    peoples, including Canaanite kingdoms and the Latin Kingdom of
    Jerusalem.  It was also often a provincial capital under Muslim empires.

    In the Sykes-Picot agreement between France and Britain during WW I,
    which shaped the Middle East, Jerusalem was awarded to Russia.

    Lenin was outraged when he found the agreement in the Romanov palace
    after the 1917 October Revolution, and he had it published.  He
    withdrew Russia from the war and forewent the prize of Jerusalem.

    The city was awarded the British by the Versailles Peace Conference,
    as part of the British Mandate of Palestine.

    In the 1947 UN General Assembly partition plan for Palestine,
    Jerusalem was designated a "Separate Body"
    <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nad-2Dplo.org_userfiles_file_FAQ_Israeli-2520Policies-2520in-2520EJ-2520-5FFINAL-5F.pdf&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=f0-JEWjwfAaFxhIjmS76Fc9yMRKP62C6n0AXTC7YCqQ&e=>
    to be administered internationally. *It was not awarded to Israel by
    the UN*.  Although propagandists for Israel are always going on
    about how they accepted the UN partition plan, they did not, of
    course.  They conquered a lot of territory that the GA did not award
    them, including West Jerusalem.

    It was Jewish settlers in British Mandate Palestine who used
    violence to grab part of the city, disregarding international law
    and agreements.  The city was mostly populated by Palestinians in
    any case, what with being a Palestinian city and all.

    In 1967 the Israeli army took East Jerusalem, and ever since has
    squeezed the Palestinian population, driven them into poverty,
    usurped their property, and surrounded them by squatter
    settlements.  There is no warrant in any part of any international
    agreement or law for the Israelis to behave this way toward the
    people who inhabited Jerusalem for over a millennium (and who are in
    any case almost certainly descendents of Palestinian Jews who
    converted to Islam). Violence is still a big part of the way Israel
    rules East Jerusalem, so Netanyahu warning of Muslim violence is rich.

    Muslims consider Jerusalem the third holiest city of Islam.  Despite
    Westerners constantly telling them they have no right to do that,
    they seem pretty attached to the doctrine.  There are 1.5 billion of
    them, and their nerves are raw after centuries of Western
    colonialism during which they were told their religion was useless
    and backward. The occupation of Jerusalem was given by al-Qaeda as
    one reason for its attacks on New York and Washington, D.C.  The
    insistence of Jewish extremists on angering the Muslim world by
    invading the Aqsa mosque from time to time, and threatening to
    demolish it, is like those old Warner Bros. cartoons where the
    foolish little boy keeps teasing a tiger in its cage.

    Related video:

    RT: "RT crew attacked by Israeli police during Jerusalem day
    march"
    <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__youtu.be_LZhuOkQBAfw&d=AwMFaQ&c=8hUWFZcy2Z-Za5rBPlktOQ&r=_iuwmBDMEAIAz6k1h--JVoji6x5mlDiImSbbdIp2zWg&m=Ussb9QPrB1_kyMN5sILxxzty1sLx6f1KvPI5TTSZV8I&s=OQH1UIVXWunNA0IF4YC6SUQq7YQoDjnQlLGH7sB5fyc&e=>

    =====
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