[Peace] WMD's and Iraq
Ricky Baldwin
baldwinricky at hotmail.com
Mon Sep 2 00:33:50 CDT 2002
Doug-
Can you write about this in 250 words or less as a letter to the editor for
the News-Gazette, et al?
Ricky
>From: Dlind49 at aol.com
>To: peace at lists.groogroo.com
>Subject: [Peace] WMD's and Iraq
>Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2002 21:31:56 EDT
>
>Ladies and Gentlemen who strive for peace. I am fed up with the nonsense.
>As
>this section of the Riegle Report
>(http://www.gulfweb.org/bigdoc/report/riegle1.html) verifies the chemical
>and
>biological warfare materials that representatives of the U.S Department
>of
>Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs claimed did not exist within
>Iraqi
>theater of operations during the Gulf War even though we decided to destroy
>them before, during and after the war and those remaining WMD's were then
>found and destroyed by UNSCOM were shipped to Iraq with the knowledge of
>and
>full approval of United States government officials. Today, we are about
>to go to war to destroy Iraq's WMD capability once more when in fact we
>gave
>them that capability!!! So who is the bad guy here? Today millions of
>individuals are sick, dying, or dead as result of willful U.S. actions.
>Today
>millions are denied medical care because our leaders cannot admit what has
>occurred, is occurring and will occur.
>
>
>God Help us all!
>
>doug
>
>**
>
>
>
>U.S. Exports of Biological Materials to Iraq
>The Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs has oversight
>responsibility for the Export Administration Act. Pursuant to the Act,
>Committee staff contacted the U.S. Department of Commerce and requested
>information on the export of biological materials during the years prior to
>the Gulf War. After receiving this information, we contacted a principal
>supplier of these materials to determine what, if any, materials were
>exported to Iraq which might have contributed to an offensive or defensive
>biological warfare program. Records available from the supplier for the
>period from 1985 until the present show that during this time, pathogenic
>(meaning "disease producing"), toxigenic (meaning "poisonous"), and other
>biological research materials were exported to Iraq pursuant to application
>and licensing by the U.S. Department of Commerce. Records prior to 1985
>were
>not available, according to the supplier. These exported biological
>materials
>were not attenuated or weakened and were capable of reproduction. According
>to the Department of Defense's own Report to Congress on the Conduct of the
>Persian Gulf War, released in April 1992: "By the time of the invasion of
>Kuwait, Iraq had developed biological weapons. It's advanced and aggressive
>biological warfare program was the most advanced in the Arab world... The
>program probably began late in the 1970's and concentrated on the
>development
>of two agents, botulinum toxin and anthrax bacteria... Large scale
>production
>of these agents began in 1989 at four facilities in Baghdad. Delivery means
>for biological agents ranged from simple aerial bombs and artillery rockets
>to surface-to-surface missiles."
>
>Included in the approved sales are the following biological materials
>(which
>have been considered by various nations for use in war), with their
>associated disease symptoms:
>
>Bacillus Anthracis: anthrax is a disease producing bacteria identified by
>the
>Department of Defense in The Conduct of the Persian Gulf War: Final Report
>to
>Contress, as being a major component in the Iraqi biological warfare
>program.
>
>Anthrax is an often fatal infectious disease due to ingestion of spores. It
>begins abruptly with high fever, difficulty in breathing, and chest pain.
>The
>disease eventually results in septicemia (blood poisoning), and the
>mortality
>is high. Once septicemia is advanced, antibiotic therapy may prove useless,
>probably because the exotoxins remain, despite the death of the bacteria.
>
>Clostridium Botulinum: A bacterial source of botulinum toxin, which causes
>vomiting, constipation, thirst, general weakness, headache, fever,
>dizziness,
>double vision, dilation of the pupils and paralysis of the muscles
>involving
>swallowing. It is often fatal.
>
>Histoplasma Capsulatum: causes a disease superfically resembling
>tuberculosis
>that may cause pneumonia, enlargement of the liver and spleen, anemia, an
>influenza like illness and an acute inflammatory skin disease marked by
>tender red nodules, usually on the shins. Reactivated infection usually
>involves the lungs, the brain, spinal membranes, heart, peritoneum, and the
>adrenals.
>
>Brucella Melitensis: a bacteria which can cause chronic fatique, loss of
>appetite, profuse sweating when at rest, pain in joints and muscles,
>insomnia, nausea, and damage to major organs.
>
>Clostridium Perfringens: a highly toxic bateria which causes gas gangrene.
>The bacteria produce toxins that move along muscle bundles in the body
>killing cells and producing necrotic tissue that is then favorable for
>further growth of the bacteria itself. Eventually, these toxins and
>bacteria
>enter the bloodstream and cause a systemic illness.
>
>In addition, several shipments of Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) and genetic
>materials, as well as human and bacterial DNA, were shipped directly to the
>Iraq Atomic Energy Commission.
>
>The following is a detailed listing of biological materials, provided by
>the
>American Type Culture Collection, which were exported to agencies of the
>government of Iraq pursuant to the issueance of an export licensed by the
>U.S. Commerce Department:
>
>
>Date : February 8, 1985
>Sent To : Iraq Atomic Energy Agency
>Materials Shipped:
>
> Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostrup
>
>Date : February 22, 1985
>Sent To : Ministry of Higher Education
>Materials Shipped:
>
> Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (ATCC 32136)
> Class III pathogen
>
>Date : July 11, 1985
>Sent To : Middle and Near East Regional A
>Material Shipped:
>
> Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (ATCC 32136)
> Class III pathogen
>
>Date : May 2, 1986
>Sent To : Ministry of Higher Education
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. Bacillus Anthracis Cohn (ATCC 10)
> Batch # 08-20-82 (2 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 2. Bacillus Subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn (ATCC 82)
> Batch # 06-20-84 (2 each)
>
> 3. Clostridium botulinum Type A (ATCC 3502)
> Batch # 07-07-81 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 4. Clostridium perfringens (Weillon and Zuber) Hauduroy, et al
>(ATCC
>3624)
> Batch # 10-85SV (2 each)
>
> 5. Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051)
> Batch # 12-06-84 (2 each)
>
> 6. Francisella tularensis var. tularensis Olsufiev (ATCC 6223)
> Batch # 05-14-79 (2 each)
> Avirulent, suitable for preparations of diagnotic antigens
>
> 7. Clostridium tetani (ATCC 9441)
> Batch # 03-84 (3 each)
> Highly toxigenic
>
> 8. Clostridium botulinum Type E (ATCC 9564)
> Batch # 03-02-79 (2 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 9. Clostridium tetani (ATCC 10779)
> Batch # 04-24-84S (3 each)
>
> 10. Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 12916)
> Batch #08-14-80 (2 each)
> Agglutinating type 2
>
> 11. Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 13124)
> Batch #07-84SV (3 each)
> Type A, alpha-toxigenic, produces lecithinase C.J. Appl.
>
> 12. Bacillus Anthracis (ATCC 14185)
> Batch #01-14-80 (3 each)
> G.G. Wright (Fort Detrick)
> V770-NP1-R. Bovine Anthrax
> Class III pathogen
>
> 13. Bacillus Anthracis (ATCC 14578)
> Batch #01-06-78 (2 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 14. Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 14581)
> Batch #04-18-85 (2 each)
>
> 15. Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 14945)
> Batch #06-21-81 (2 each)
>
> 16. Clostridium botulinum Type E (ATCC 17855)
> Batch # 06-21-71
> Class III pathogen
>
> 17. Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 19213)
> Batch #3-84 (2 each)
>
> 18. Clostridium botulinum Type A (ATCC 19397)
> Batch # 08-18-81 (2 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 19. Brucella abortus Biotype 3 (ATCC 23450)
> Batch # 08-02-84 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 20. Brucella abortus Biotype 9 (ATCC 23455)
> Batch # 02-05-68 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 21. Brucella melitensis Biotype 1 (ATCC 23456)
> Batch # 03-08-78 (2 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 22. Brucella melitensis Biotype 3 (ATCC 23458)
> Batch # 01-29-68 (2 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 23. Clostribium botulinum Type A (ATCC 25763)
> Batch # 8-83 (2 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 24. Clostridium botulinum Type F (ATCC 35415)
> Batch # 02-02-84 (2 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
>Date : August 31, 1987
>Sent To : State Company for Drug Industries
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. Saccharomyces cerevesiae (ATCC 2601)
> Batch # 08-28-08 (1 each)
>
> 2. Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis Serotype typhi (ATCC
>6539)
> Batch # 06-86S (1 each)
>
> 3. Bacillus subtillus (ATCC 6633)
> Batch # 10-85 (2 each)
>
> 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (ATCC 10031)
> Batch # 08-13-80 (1 each)
>
> 5. Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536)
> Batch # 04-09-80 (1 each)
>
> 6. Bacillus cereus (11778)
> Batch #05-85SV (2 each)
>
> 7. Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228)
> Batch # 11-86s (1 each)
>
> 8. Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 14884)
> Batch # 09-08-80 (2 each)
>
>Date : July 11, 1988
>Sent To : Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
>Materials Shipped
>
> 1. Escherichia coli (ATCC 11303)
> Batch # 04-875
> Phase host
>
> 2. Cauliflower Mosaic Caulimovirus (ATCC 45031)
> Batch # 06-14-85
> Plant Virus
>
> 3. Plasmid in Agrobacterium Tumefaciens (ATCC 37349)
> (Ti plasmid for co-cultivation with plant integration vectors in
>E.
>Coli)
> Batch # 05-28-85
>
>Date : April 26, 1988
>Sent To: : Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. Hulambda4x-8, clone: human hypoxanthine
>phosphoribosyltransferase
> (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57236) Phage vector
> Suggest host: E coli
>
> 2. Hulambda14-8, clone: human hypoxanthine
>phosphoribosyltransferase
> (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57240) Phage vector
> Suggested host: E coli
>
> 3. Hulambda15, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
> (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57242) Phage vector
> Suggested host: E. coli
>
>Date : August 31, 1987
>Sent To : Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. Escherichia coli (ATCC 23846)
> Batch # 07-29-83 (1 each)
>
> 2. Escherichia coli (ATCC 33694)
> Batch # 05-87 (1 each)
>
>Date : September 29, 1988
>Sent To : Ministry of Trade
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 240)
> Batch # 05-14-63 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 2. Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 938)
> Batch # 1963 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 3. Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 3629)
> Batch # 10-23-85 (3 each)
>
> 4. Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 8009)
> Batch # 03-30-84 (3 each)
>
> 5. Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 8705)
> Batch # 06-27-62 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 6. Brucella abortus (ATCC 9014)
> Batch # 05-11-66 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 7. Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 10388)
> Batch # 06-01-73 (3 each)
>
> 8. Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 11966)
> Batch #05-05-70 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 9. Clostridium botulinum Type A
> Batch # 07-86 (3 each)
> Class III pathogen
>
> 10. Bacillus cereus (ATCC 33018)
> Batch # 04-83 (3 each)
>
> 11. Bacillus ceres (ATCC 33019)
> Batch # 03-88 (3 each)
>
>Date : January 31, 1989
>Sent To : Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. PHPT31, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
>(HPRT)
> Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57057)
>
> 2. Plambda500, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
> pseudogene (HPRT) Chromosome(s): 5 p14-p13 (ATCC 57212)
>
>Date : January 17, 1989
>Sent To : Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. Hulambda4x-8, clone: human hypoxanthine
>phosphoribosyltransferase
> (HPRT) Chromosomes(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57237) Phage vector;
> Suggested host: E. coli
>
> 2. Hulambda14, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
> (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57540), Cloned from human
>lymphoblast, Phase vector
> Suggested host: E. coli
>
> 3. Hulambda15, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
> (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57241) Phage vector;
> Suggested host: E. coli
>
>
>Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control has compiled a listing of
>biological materials shipped to Iraq prior to the Gulf War. The listing
>covers the period from October 1, 1984 (when the CDC began keeping records)
>through October 13, 1993. The following materials with biological warfare
>significance were shipped to Iraq during this period.
>
>Date : November 28, 1989
>Sent To : University of Basrah, College of
>Science, Department of Biology
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. Enterococcus faecalis
>
> 2. Enterococcus faecium
>
> 3. Enterococcus avium
>
> 4. Enterococcus raffinosus
>
> 5. Enteroccus gallinarium
>
> 6. Enterococcus durans
>
> 7. Enteroccus hirae
>
> 8. Streptococcus bovis
> (etiologic)
>
>Date : April 21, 1986
>Sent To : Officers City Al-Muthanna,
>Quartret 710, Street 13, Close 69, House 28/I,
> Baghdad, Iraq
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. 1 vial botulinum toxoid
> (non-infectious)
>
>Date : March 10, 1986
>Sent To : Officers City Al-Muthanna,
>Quartret 710, Street 13, Close 69 House 28/I,
> Baghdad, Iraq
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. 1 vial botulinum toxoid #A2
> (non-infectious)
>
>Date : June 25, 1985
>Sent To : University of Baghdad, College of
>Medicine, Department of Microbiology
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. 3 years cultures
> (etiologic)
> Candida sp.
>
>Date : May 21, 1985
>Sent To : Basrah, Iraq
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. Lyophilized arbovirus seed
> (etiologic)
>
> 2. West Nile Fever Virus
>
>Date : April 26, 1985
>Sent To : Minister of Health, Ministry of
>Health, Baghdad, Iraq
>Materials Shipped:
>
> 1. 8 vials antigen and antisera (r. rickettsii and r. typhi) to
>diagnose rickettsial infections (non-infectious)
>
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>
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